การทดสอบ React ในปี 2026: Vitest, React Testing Library และ Best Practices

import { defineConfig } from 'vitest/config'
import react from '@vitejs/plugin-react'
import tsconfigPaths from 'vite-tsconfig-paths'

export default defineConfig({
  plugins: [react(), tsconfigPaths()],
  test: {
    // Use jsdom for DOM APIs and React rendering
    environment: 'jsdom',
    // Run setup file before each test file
    setupFiles: ['./src/test/setup.ts'],
    // Include only test files, exclude e2e
    include: ['src/**/*.{test,spec}.{ts,tsx}'],
    // Enable global test APIs (describe, it, expect)
    globals: true,
    // Generate coverage reports
    coverage: {
      provider: 'v8',
      reporter: ['text', 'html', 'lcov'],
      exclude: ['node_modules', 'src/test/**'],
    },
  },
})

import '@testing-library/jest-dom/vitest'
import { cleanup } from '@testing-library/react'
import { afterEach, vi } from 'vitest'

// Clean up rendered components after each test
afterEach(() => {
  cleanup()
})

// Mock window.matchMedia for responsive components
Object.defineProperty(window, 'matchMedia', {
  writable: true,
  value: vi.fn().mockImplementation((query: string) => ({
    matches: false,
    media: query,
    onchange: null,
    addListener: vi.fn(),
    removeListener: vi.fn(),
    addEventListener: vi.fn(),
    removeEventListener: vi.fn(),
    dispatchEvent: vi.fn(),
  })),
})

import { useState } from 'react'

interface SearchResultsProps {
  onSearch: (query: string) => Promise<string[]>
}

export function SearchResults({ onSearch }: SearchResultsProps) {
  const [query, setQuery] = useState('')
  const [results, setResults] = useState<string[]>([])
  const [isLoading, setIsLoading] = useState(false)
  const [error, setError] = useState<string | null>(null)

  async function handleSearch() {
    if (!query.trim()) return
    setIsLoading(true)
    setError(null)
    try {
      const data = await onSearch(query)
      setResults(data)
    } catch (e) {
      setError('Search failed. Please try again.')
    } finally {
      setIsLoading(false)
    }
  }

  return (
    <div>
      <label htmlFor="search-input">Search</label>
      <input
        id="search-input"
        type="text"
        value={query}
        onChange={(e) => setQuery(e.target.value)}
      />
      <button onClick={handleSearch} disabled={isLoading}>
        {isLoading ? 'Searching...' : 'Search'}
      </button>
      {error && <p role="alert">{error}</p>}
      <ul aria-label="Search results">
        {results.map((result, i) => (
          <li key={i}>{result}</li>
        ))}
      </ul>
    </div>
  )
}

import { render, screen } from '@testing-library/react'
import userEvent from '@testing-library/user-event'
import { describe, it, expect, vi } from 'vitest'
import { SearchResults } from './SearchResults'

describe('SearchResults', () => {
  it('displays results after successful search', async () => {
    // Arrange: mock the search function
    const mockSearch = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(['React', 'Vue', 'Angular'])
    const user = userEvent.setup()
    render(<SearchResults onSearch={mockSearch} />)

    // Act: type a query and click search
    await user.type(screen.getByLabelText('Search'), 'framework')
    await user.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: 'Search' }))

    // Assert: results appear in the list
    expect(await screen.findByText('React')).toBeInTheDocument()
    expect(screen.getByText('Vue')).toBeInTheDocument()
    expect(mockSearch).toHaveBeenCalledWith('framework')
  })

  it('shows loading state during search', async () => {
    // Create a promise that doesn't resolve immediately
    let resolveSearch: (value: string[]) => void
    const searchPromise = new Promise<string[]>((resolve) => {
      resolveSearch = resolve
    })
    const mockSearch = vi.fn().mockReturnValue(searchPromise)
    const user = userEvent.setup()
    render(<SearchResults onSearch={mockSearch} />)

    await user.type(screen.getByLabelText('Search'), 'test')
    await user.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: 'Search' }))

    // Button shows loading state
    expect(screen.getByRole('button', { name: 'Searching...' })).toBeDisabled()

    // Resolve the search to clean up
    resolveSearch!([])
  })

  it('displays error message on search failure', async () => {
    const mockSearch = vi.fn().mockRejectedValue(new Error('Network error'))
    const user = userEvent.setup()
    render(<SearchResults onSearch={mockSearch} />)

    await user.type(screen.getByLabelText('Search'), 'query')
    await user.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: 'Search' }))

    // Error message appears with alert role for screen readers
    expect(await screen.findByRole('alert')).toHaveTextContent(
      'Search failed. Please try again.'
    )
  })
})

import { render, screen, waitFor, waitForElementToBeRemoved } from '@testing-library/react'
import userEvent from '@testing-library/user-event'
import { describe, it, expect, vi } from 'vitest'

// Wait for element to appear (preferred for new elements)
it('loads user profile on mount', async () => {
  render(<UserProfile userId="123" />)
  
  // findBy returns a promise, automatically waits up to 1000ms
  const heading = await screen.findByRole('heading', { name: /john doe/i })
  expect(heading).toBeInTheDocument()
})

// Wait for element to disappear
it('removes loading spinner after data loads', async () => {
  render(<DataTable />)
  
  // Wait for spinner to be removed from DOM
  await waitForElementToBeRemoved(() => screen.queryByRole('progressbar'))
  expect(screen.getByRole('table')).toBeInTheDocument()
})

// Wait for multiple conditions
it('enables submit button when form is valid', async () => {
  const user = userEvent.setup()
  render(<RegistrationForm />)

  const submitButton = screen.getByRole('button', { name: 'Submit' })
  expect(submitButton).toBeDisabled()

  await user.type(screen.getByLabelText('Email'), 'user@example.com')
  await user.type(screen.getByLabelText('Password'), 'SecurePass123!')

  // waitFor retries the assertion until it passes or times out
  await waitFor(() => {
    expect(submitButton).toBeEnabled()
  })
})

// Avoid false positives with queryBy for absence checks
it('does not show premium badge for free users', async () => {
  render(<UserCard subscription="free" />)
  
  // queryBy returns null instead of throwing, use for absence checks
  expect(screen.queryByText('Premium')).not.toBeInTheDocument()
})

// Increase timeout for slow operations
await screen.findByText('Upload complete', {}, { timeout: 5000 })

await waitFor(
  () => expect(mockSubmit).toHaveBeenCalled(),
  { timeout: 3000, interval: 100 }
)

import { vi, describe, it, expect, beforeEach } from 'vitest'
import { fetchUserData } from './api'

// Mock the entire fetch module
vi.mock('./http-client', () => ({
  httpClient: {
    get: vi.fn(),
  },
}))

import { httpClient } from './http-client'

describe('fetchUserData', () => {
  beforeEach(() => {
    vi.clearAllMocks()
  })

  it('transforms API response into user model', async () => {
    // Type-safe mock implementation
    vi.mocked(httpClient.get).mockResolvedValue({
      data: { id: 1, first_name: 'John', last_name: 'Doe' },
    })

    const user = await fetchUserData(1)

    expect(user).toEqual({
      id: 1,
      fullName: 'John Doe',
    })
  })
})

import { renderHook, waitFor } from '@testing-library/react'
import { describe, it, expect, vi } from 'vitest'
import { useAuth } from './useAuth'
import { AuthProvider } from './AuthContext'

describe('useAuth', () => {
  it('returns authenticated user after login', async () => {
    const mockLogin = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({ id: 1, name: 'Alice' })
    
    const { result } = renderHook(() => useAuth(), {
      wrapper: ({ children }) => (
        <AuthProvider loginFn={mockLogin}>{children}</AuthProvider>
      ),
    })

    expect(result.current.user).toBeNull()
    expect(result.current.isAuthenticated).toBe(false)

    await result.current.login('alice@example.com', 'password')

    await waitFor(() => {
      expect(result.current.user).toEqual({ id: 1, name: 'Alice' })
      expect(result.current.isAuthenticated).toBe(true)
    })
  })
})

import { http, HttpResponse } from 'msw'

export const handlers = [
  http.get('/api/users/:id', ({ params }) => {
    return HttpResponse.json({
      id: params.id,
      name: 'Test User',
    })
  }),

  http.post('/api/login', async ({ request }) => {
    const body = await request.json()
    if (body.email === 'valid@example.com') {
      return HttpResponse.json({ token: 'abc123' })
    }
    return HttpResponse.json(
      { error: 'Invalid credentials' },
      { status: 401 }
    )
  }),
]

import { describe, it, expect, vi } from 'vitest'

// Mock the data fetching function
vi.mock('./db', () => ({
  getUser: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({ id: 1, name: 'Server User' }),
}))

import { render, screen } from '@testing-library/react'
import { UserProfile } from './UserProfile.server'

describe('UserProfile Server Component', () => {
  it('renders user data from database', async () => {
    // Server components are async, await the component
    const Component = await UserProfile({ userId: '1' })
    render(Component)

    expect(screen.getByRole('heading')).toHaveTextContent('Server User')
  })
})

import { test, expect } from '@playwright/test'

test('server component renders with streamed data', async ({ page }) => {
  await page.goto('/users/1')
  
  // Wait for streaming to complete
  await expect(page.getByRole('heading', { name: /profile/i })).toBeVisible()
  await expect(page.getByText('Server User')).toBeVisible()
})

import { useState, useEffect, useCallback } from 'react'

export function useDebounceSearch<T>(
  searchFn: (query: string) => Promise<T[]>,
  delay = 300
) {
  const [query, setQuery] = useState('')
  const [results, setResults] = useState<T[]>([])
  const [isLoading, setIsLoading] = useState(false)

  useEffect(() => {
    if (!query) {
      setResults([])
      return
    }

    setIsLoading(true)
    const timeoutId = setTimeout(async () => {
      try {
        const data = await searchFn(query)
        setResults(data)
      } finally {
        setIsLoading(false)
      }
    }, delay)

    return () => clearTimeout(timeoutId)
  }, [query, searchFn, delay])

  return { query, setQuery, results, isLoading }
}

import { renderHook, act, waitFor } from '@testing-library/react'
import { describe, it, expect, vi, beforeEach } from 'vitest'
import { useDebounceSearch } from './useDebounceSearch'

describe('useDebounceSearch', () => {
  beforeEach(() => {
    vi.useFakeTimers()
  })

  it('debounces search calls', async () => {
    const mockSearch = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(['result1', 'result2'])
    const { result } = renderHook(() => useDebounceSearch(mockSearch, 300))

    // Type multiple characters quickly
    act(() => result.current.setQuery('r'))
    act(() => result.current.setQuery('re'))
    act(() => result.current.setQuery('rea'))
    act(() => result.current.setQuery('reac'))
    act(() => result.current.setQuery('react'))

    // Search not called yet (debouncing)
    expect(mockSearch).not.toHaveBeenCalled()

    // Advance timers past debounce delay
    await act(async () => {
      vi.advanceTimersByTime(300)
    })

    // Only one search call with final query
    expect(mockSearch).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1)
    expect(mockSearch).toHaveBeenCalledWith('react')
  })

  it('shows loading state during search', async () => {
    let resolveSearch: (value: string[]) => void
    const mockSearch = vi.fn().mockImplementation(
      () => new Promise((resolve) => { resolveSearch = resolve })
    )
    const { result } = renderHook(() => useDebounceSearch(mockSearch, 100))

    act(() => result.current.setQuery('test'))
    
    await act(async () => {
      vi.advanceTimersByTime(100)
    })

    expect(result.current.isLoading).toBe(true)

    await act(async () => {
      resolveSearch(['result'])
    })

    expect(result.current.isLoading).toBe(false)
    expect(result.current.results).toEqual(['result'])
  })
})