Android CameraX ปี 2026: คู่มือถ่ายภาพและวิดีโอพร้อมคำถามสัมภาษณ์

class CameraSetup(
    private val context: Context,
    private val lifecycleOwner: LifecycleOwner
) {
    private lateinit var cameraProvider: ProcessCameraProvider
    private var imageCapture: ImageCapture? = null
    private var videoCapture: VideoCapture<Recorder>? = null
    
    suspend fun initialize() {
        // ProcessCameraProvider binds use cases to lifecycle
        cameraProvider = ProcessCameraProvider.getInstance(context).await()
    }
    
    fun bindUseCases(previewView: PreviewView) {
        // Unbind existing use cases before rebinding
        cameraProvider.unbindAll()
        
        // Preview use case displays camera feed
        val preview = Preview.Builder()
            .build()
            .apply { setSurfaceProvider(previewView.surfaceProvider) }
        
        // ImageCapture for photos
        imageCapture = ImageCapture.Builder()
            .setCaptureMode(ImageCapture.CAPTURE_MODE_MINIMIZE_LATENCY)
            .build()
        
        // VideoCapture with Recorder
        val recorder = Recorder.Builder()
            .setQualitySelector(QualitySelector.from(Quality.FHD))
            .build()
        videoCapture = VideoCapture.withOutput(recorder)
        
        // Bind all use cases to lifecycle
        cameraProvider.bindToLifecycle(
            lifecycleOwner,
            CameraSelector.DEFAULT_BACK_CAMERA,
            preview,
            imageCapture,
            videoCapture
        )
    }
}

class PhotoCaptureManager(
    private val context: Context,
    private val imageCapture: ImageCapture
) {
    private val mainExecutor = ContextCompat.getMainExecutor(context)
    
    fun capturePhoto(onResult: (Uri?) -> Unit) {
        // Generate unique filename with timestamp
        val filename = "IMG_\${System.currentTimeMillis()}.jpg"
        
        val contentValues = ContentValues().apply {
            put(MediaStore.MediaColumns.DISPLAY_NAME, filename)
            put(MediaStore.MediaColumns.MIME_TYPE, "image/jpeg")
            // Store in Pictures/CameraX folder on Android 10+
            if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.Q) {
                put(MediaStore.Images.Media.RELATIVE_PATH, "Pictures/CameraX")
            }
        }
        
        val outputOptions = ImageCapture.OutputFileOptions.Builder(
            context.contentResolver,
            MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI,
            contentValues
        ).build()
        
        imageCapture.takePicture(
            outputOptions,
            mainExecutor,
            object : ImageCapture.OnImageSavedCallback {
                override fun onImageSaved(results: ImageCapture.OutputFileResults) {
                    // results.savedUri contains the MediaStore URI
                    onResult(results.savedUri)
                }
                
                override fun onError(exception: ImageCaptureException) {
                    Log.e("PhotoCapture", "Capture failed: \${exception.message}")
                    onResult(null)
                }
            }
        )
    }
}

class VideoRecordingManager(
    private val context: Context,
    private val videoCapture: VideoCapture<Recorder>
) {
    private var activeRecording: Recording? = null
    
    fun startRecording(onEvent: (VideoRecordEvent) -> Unit): Boolean {
        // Check if already recording
        if (activeRecording != null) return false
        
        val filename = "VID_\${System.currentTimeMillis()}.mp4"
        
        val contentValues = ContentValues().apply {
            put(MediaStore.MediaColumns.DISPLAY_NAME, filename)
            put(MediaStore.MediaColumns.MIME_TYPE, "video/mp4")
            if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.Q) {
                put(MediaStore.Video.Media.RELATIVE_PATH, "Movies/CameraX")
            }
        }
        
        val mediaStoreOutput = MediaStoreOutputOptions.Builder(
            context.contentResolver,
            MediaStore.Video.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI
        )
            .setContentValues(contentValues)
            .build()
        
        // Prepare recording with audio if permission granted
        val pendingRecording = videoCapture.output
            .prepareRecording(context, mediaStoreOutput)
        
        if (hasAudioPermission()) {
            pendingRecording.withAudioEnabled()
        }
        
        // Start recording and store reference
        activeRecording = pendingRecording.start(
            ContextCompat.getMainExecutor(context)
        ) { event ->
            onEvent(event)
            
            // Clear reference when recording completes
            if (event is VideoRecordEvent.Finalize) {
                activeRecording = null
            }
        }
        
        return true
    }
    
    fun stopRecording() {
        activeRecording?.stop()
    }
    
    fun pauseRecording() {
        activeRecording?.pause()
    }
    
    fun resumeRecording() {
        activeRecording?.resume()
    }
    
    private fun hasAudioPermission(): Boolean {
        return ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(
            context,
            Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO
        ) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED
    }
}

@Composable
fun CameraPreview(
    modifier: Modifier = Modifier,
    onPreviewViewCreated: (PreviewView) -> Unit
) {
    AndroidView(
        modifier = modifier.fillMaxSize(),
        factory = { context ->
            PreviewView(context).apply {
                implementationMode = PreviewView.ImplementationMode.COMPATIBLE
                scaleType = PreviewView.ScaleType.FILL_CENTER
                onPreviewViewCreated(this)
            }
        }
    )
}

@Composable
fun CameraScreen(viewModel: CameraViewModel = viewModel()) {
    val context = LocalContext.current
    val lifecycleOwner = LocalLifecycleOwner.current
    
    LaunchedEffect(Unit) {
        viewModel.initializeCamera(context, lifecycleOwner)
    }
    
    Box(modifier = Modifier.fillMaxSize()) {
        CameraPreview(
            onPreviewViewCreated = { previewView ->
                viewModel.bindPreview(previewView)
            }
        )
        
        // Capture buttons overlay
        Row(
            modifier = Modifier
                .align(Alignment.BottomCenter)
                .padding(32.dp),
            horizontalArrangement = Arrangement.spacedBy(24.dp)
        ) {
            IconButton(
                onClick = { viewModel.capturePhoto() }
            ) {
                Icon(Icons.Default.Camera, "Take photo")
            }
            
            IconButton(
                onClick = { viewModel.toggleRecording() }
            ) {
                Icon(
                    if (viewModel.isRecording) Icons.Default.Stop
                    else Icons.Default.Videocam,
                    "Record video"
                )
            }
        }
    }
}

class CameraPermissionHandler(private val activity: ComponentActivity) {
    private val requiredPermissions = arrayOf(
        Manifest.permission.CAMERA,
        Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO
    )
    
    private val permissionLauncher = activity.registerForActivityResult(
        ActivityResultContracts.RequestMultiplePermissions()
    ) { permissions ->
        val cameraGranted = permissions[Manifest.permission.CAMERA] == true
        val audioGranted = permissions[Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO] == true
        
        if (cameraGranted) {
            onCameraPermissionGranted(audioGranted)
        } else {
            onCameraPermissionDenied()
        }
    }
    
    fun checkAndRequestPermissions() {
        when {
            hasAllPermissions() -> onCameraPermissionGranted(hasAudioPermission())
            shouldShowRationale() -> showPermissionRationale()
            else -> permissionLauncher.launch(requiredPermissions)
        }
    }
    
    private fun hasAllPermissions(): Boolean {
        return requiredPermissions.all { permission ->
            ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(
                activity, permission
            ) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED
        }
    }
    
    private fun hasAudioPermission(): Boolean {
        return ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(
            activity,
            Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO
        ) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED
    }
    
    private fun shouldShowRationale(): Boolean {
        return requiredPermissions.any { permission ->
            ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(activity, permission)
        }
    }
}

dependencies {
    val cameraxVersion = "1.6.2"
    
    // Core library required for all use cases
    implementation("androidx.camera:camera-core:\$cameraxVersion")
    
    // Camera2 implementation (required)
    implementation("androidx.camera:camera-camera2:\$cameraxVersion")
    
    // Lifecycle integration
    implementation("androidx.camera:camera-lifecycle:\$cameraxVersion")
    
    // VideoCapture use case
    implementation("androidx.camera:camera-video:\$cameraxVersion")
    
    // PreviewView and camera UI components
    implementation("androidx.camera:camera-view:\$cameraxVersion")
    
    // Optional: Extensions (Night mode, HDR, etc.)
    implementation("androidx.camera:camera-extensions:\$cameraxVersion")
    
    // Optional: Real-time effects
    implementation("androidx.camera:camera-effects:\$cameraxVersion")
}

android {
    // CameraX requires Java 11 bytecode
    compileOptions {
        sourceCompatibility = JavaVersion.VERSION_11
        targetCompatibility = JavaVersion.VERSION_11
    }
}

<!-- AndroidManifest.xml -->
<manifest>
    <!-- Camera hardware requirement -->
    <uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.camera.any" />
    
    <!-- Runtime permissions -->
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CAMERA" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO" />
</manifest>