2026년 Vue 3 테스팅: Vitest, Vue Test Utils 그리고 면접 질문

import { defineConfig } from 'vitest/config'
import vue from '@vitejs/plugin-vue'
import { fileURLToPath } from 'node:url'

export default defineConfig({
  plugins: [vue()],
  test: {
    // jsdom provides document/window so components can mount
    environment: 'jsdom',
    // expose describe/it/expect globally
    globals: true,
    // run this before each test file (matchers, cleanup)
    setupFiles: ['./tests/setup.ts'],
    // only pick up *.spec.ts and *.test.ts files
    include: ['**/*.{test,spec}.ts'],
  },
  resolve: {
    alias: {
      // mirror the @ alias used across the app
      '@': fileURLToPath(new URL('./src', import.meta.url)),
    },
  },
})

import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest'
import { mount } from '@vue/test-utils'
import PriceTag from '@/components/PriceTag.vue'

describe('PriceTag', () => {
  it('formats the amount as currency', () => {
    const wrapper = mount(PriceTag, {
      // props are passed through the mounting options
      props: { amount: 4200, currency: 'EUR' },
    })

    // get() throws if the selector is missing, unlike find()
    expect(wrapper.get('[data-test="price"]').text()).toBe('€42.00')
  })

  it('applies a discount class when on sale', () => {
    const wrapper = mount(PriceTag, {
      props: { amount: 4200, currency: 'EUR', onSale: true },
    })

    // classes() returns the array of applied CSS classes
    expect(wrapper.get('[data-test="price"]').classes()).toContain('price--sale')
  })
})

import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest'
import { mount } from '@vue/test-utils'
import SearchBar from '@/components/SearchBar.vue'

describe('SearchBar', () => {
  it('emits search with the typed query', async () => {
    const wrapper = mount(SearchBar)

    // setValue writes to the input and fires an input event
    await wrapper.get('input').setValue('vitest')
    // awaiting trigger flushes the reactivity queue before assertions
    await wrapper.get('[data-test="submit"]').trigger('click')

    // emitted() returns a record of every event and its payloads
    const events = wrapper.emitted('search')
    expect(events).toHaveLength(1)
    // events[0] is the first emission, [0] its first argument
    expect(events![0][0]).toBe('vitest')
  })
})

import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest'
import { useCart } from '@/composables/useCart'

describe('useCart', () => {
  it('tracks total price as items change', () => {
    // composables using only ref/computed run without mounting
    const { items, total, addItem } = useCart()

    expect(total.value).toBe(0)

    addItem({ id: 1, price: 1500, qty: 2 })
    // computed total recalculates synchronously on state change
    expect(total.value).toBe(3000)

    addItem({ id: 2, price: 500, qty: 1 })
    expect(items.value).toHaveLength(2)
    expect(total.value).toBe(3500)
  })
})

import { describe, it, expect, vi, beforeEach } from 'vitest'
import { useProducts } from '@/composables/useProducts'
import { getProducts } from '@/api/products'

// replace the whole module with mocked exports
vi.mock('@/api/products', () => ({
  getProducts: vi.fn(),
}))

describe('useProducts', () => {
  beforeEach(() => {
    // reset call history between tests to avoid leakage
    vi.mocked(getProducts).mockReset()
  })

  it('exposes fetched products and clears loading', async () => {
    // define what the mocked API returns for this test
    vi.mocked(getProducts).mockResolvedValue([
      { id: 1, name: 'Keyboard' },
    ])

    const { products, loading, load } = useProducts()
    await load()

    expect(getProducts).toHaveBeenCalledOnce()
    expect(loading.value).toBe(false)
    expect(products.value[0].name).toBe('Keyboard')
  })
})

import { describe, it, expect, vi } from 'vitest'
import { mount } from '@vue/test-utils'
import { createTestingPinia } from '@pinia/testing'
import CheckoutButton from '@/components/CheckoutButton.vue'
import { useCartStore } from '@/stores/cart'

describe('CheckoutButton', () => {
  it('dispatches checkout on click', async () => {
    const wrapper = mount(CheckoutButton, {
      global: {
        plugins: [
          // vi.fn spies on actions instead of executing them
          createTestingPinia({ createSpy: vi.fn }),
        ],
      },
    })

    const store = useCartStore()
    await wrapper.get('[data-test="checkout"]').trigger('click')

    // the action is stubbed, so only the dispatch is asserted
    expect(store.checkout).toHaveBeenCalledOnce()
  })
})

export default defineConfig({
  test: {
    coverage: {
      // v8 is the fastest provider and needs no instrumentation step
      provider: 'v8',
      reporter: ['text', 'html', 'lcov'],
      // fail CI when a threshold drops below the target
      thresholds: {
        statements: 80,
        branches: 75,
        functions: 80,
      },
      // exclude generated and config files from the report
      exclude: ['**/*.config.ts', '**/types/**'],
    },
  },
})