Zustand 면접 질문 2026: React 상태 관리와 베스트 프랙티스 완벽 가이드

import { create } from 'zustand'

interface CartStore {
  items: CartItem[]
  addItem: (item: CartItem) => void
  clearCart: () => void
  totalPrice: () => number
}

export const useCartStore = create<CartStore>((set, get) => ({
  items: [],
  addItem: (item) => set((state) => ({ 
    items: [...state.items, item] 
  })),
  clearCart: () => set({ items: [] }),
  totalPrice: () => get().items.reduce((sum, item) => sum + item.price, 0)
}))

// 나쁜 예: 스토어의 모든 변경에 리렌더링
const { items } = useCartStore()

// 좋은 예: items가 변경될 때만 리렌더링
const items = useCartStore((state) => state.items)

// 여러 값: shallow 비교 사용
import { shallow } from 'zustand/shallow'

const { items, totalPrice } = useCartStore(
  (state) => ({ items: state.items, totalPrice: state.totalPrice() }),
  shallow
)

import { create } from 'zustand'
import { persist, createJSONStorage } from 'zustand/middleware'

interface UserPreferences {
  theme: 'light' | 'dark'
  language: string
  setTheme: (theme: 'light' | 'dark') => void
}

export const usePreferencesStore = create<UserPreferences>()(
  persist(
    (set) => ({
      theme: 'light',
      language: 'en',
      setTheme: (theme) => set({ theme })
    }),
    {
      name: 'user-preferences',
      storage: createJSONStorage(() => localStorage),
      partialize: (state) => ({ theme: state.theme, language: state.language })
    }
  )
)

import { create } from 'zustand'
import { devtools, persist, subscribeWithSelector } from 'zustand/middleware'
import { immer } from 'zustand/middleware/immer'

export const useStore = create<StoreState>()(
  devtools(
    persist(
      subscribeWithSelector(
        immer((set) => ({
          // 상태와 액션
        }))
      ),
      { name: 'app-storage' }
    ),
    { name: 'AppStore' }
  )
)

interface TodoStore {
  todos: Todo[]
  filter: 'all' | 'active' | 'completed'
  addTodo: (text: string) => void
  toggleTodo: (id: string) => void
  filteredTodos: () => Todo[]
}

export const useTodoStore = create<TodoStore>()((set, get) => ({
  todos: [],
  filter: 'all',
  
  addTodo: (text) => set((state) => ({
    todos: [...state.todos, { id: crypto.randomUUID(), text, completed: false }]
  })),
  
  toggleTodo: (id) => set((state) => ({
    todos: state.todos.map((todo) =>
      todo.id === id ? { ...todo, completed: !todo.completed } : todo
    )
  })),
  
  filteredTodos: () => {
    const { todos, filter } = get()
    switch (filter) {
      case 'active': return todos.filter((t) => !t.completed)
      case 'completed': return todos.filter((t) => t.completed)
      default: return todos
    }
  }
}))

import { StateCreator } from 'zustand'

export interface AuthSlice {
  user: User | null
  isAuthenticated: boolean
  login: (credentials: Credentials) => Promise<void>
  logout: () => void
}

export const createAuthSlice: StateCreator<
  AuthSlice & CartSlice,  // 결합된 스토어 타입
  [],
  [],
  AuthSlice
> = (set) => ({
  user: null,
  isAuthenticated: false,
  login: async (credentials) => {
    const user = await authApi.login(credentials)
    set({ user, isAuthenticated: true })
  },
  logout: () => set({ user: null, isAuthenticated: false })
})

import { create } from 'zustand'
import { createAuthSlice, AuthSlice } from './slices/authSlice'
import { createCartSlice, CartSlice } from './slices/cartSlice'

export const useStore = create<AuthSlice & CartSlice>()((...args) => ({
  ...createAuthSlice(...args),
  ...createCartSlice(...args)
}))

import { act, renderHook } from '@testing-library/react'
import { useCartStore } from './store'

beforeEach(() => {
  // 스토어를 초기 상태로 리셋
  useCartStore.setState({ items: [], totalItems: 0 })
})

test('addItem increases cart count', () => {
  const { result } = renderHook(() => useCartStore())
  
  act(() => {
    result.current.addItem({ id: '1', name: 'Product', price: 10 })
  })
  
  expect(result.current.items).toHaveLength(1)
})

import { vi } from 'vitest'

vi.mock('./store', () => ({
  useCartStore: vi.fn(() => ({
    items: [{ id: '1', name: 'Mock Product', price: 25 }],
    addItem: vi.fn()
  }))
}))

interface ProductStore {
  products: Product[]
  isLoading: boolean
  error: string | null
  fetchProducts: () => Promise<void>
}

export const useProductStore = create<ProductStore>((set) => ({
  products: [],
  isLoading: false,
  error: null,
  
  fetchProducts: async () => {
    set({ isLoading: true, error: null })
    try {
      const products = await productApi.getAll()
      set({ products, isLoading: false })
    } catch (err) {
      set({ error: err.message, isLoading: false })
    }
  }
}))