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Ruby : blocks, procs, lambdas, symbols, metaprogramming, modules et mixins
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Rails architecture : MVC pattern, config/routes.rb, autoloading, Zeitwerk
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Active Record : models, associations (has_many, belongs_to, has_and_belongs_to_many)
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AR validations : presence, uniqueness, custom validators, validation contexts
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AR callbacks : before_save, after_create, around_update, lifecycle hooks
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Migrations : create_table, add_column, change_column, rollback, schema.rb
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Routing : resources, nested routes, namespaces, constraints, route helpers
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Controllers : params, strong parameters, filters (before_action), respond_to
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Views : ERB templates, partials, helpers, layouts, content_for/yield
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Active Record Query : where, joins, includes, preload, eager_load (N+1 prevention)
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Rails API mode : API-only applications, serializers (ActiveModel::Serializers, jbuilder)
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Authentication : Devise gem, has_secure_password, session management, cookies
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Authorization : Pundit gem, CanCanCan, policies, role-based access control
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Action Cable : channels, streams, broadcasting, WebSocket connections
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Active Job : perform_later, queue adapters (Sidekiq), job priorities, retry logic
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Active Storage : attachments (has_one_attached, has_many_attached), variants, direct uploads
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Testing : RSpec (describe, context, it), FactoryBot, fixtures, request specs, system tests
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Concerns : ActiveSupport::Concern, code reusability, module composition
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Rails engines : mountable engines, namespacing, gem development
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Performance : fragment caching, Russian doll caching, query optimization, bullet gem
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Security : CSRF protection, SQL injection prevention, mass assignment protection (strong params)
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Deployment : Capistrano, Heroku, Docker, Puma/Unicorn servers, assets pipeline