React Native và GraphQL năm 2026: Apollo Client, Query và Câu hỏi Phỏng vấn

# Installation
npm install @apollo/client graphql

import { ApolloClient, InMemoryCache, HttpLink } from '@apollo/client';

const httpLink = new HttpLink({
  uri: 'https://api.example.com/graphql',
  // Enable text streaming for @defer and subscriptions
  fetchOptions: {
    reactNative: { textStreaming: true },
  },
});

export const apolloClient = new ApolloClient({
  link: httpLink,
  cache: new InMemoryCache({
    typePolicies: {
      Query: {
        fields: {
          // Merge paginated results
          products: {
            keyArgs: ['category'],
            merge(existing = [], incoming) {
              return [...existing, ...incoming];
            },
          },
        },
      },
    },
  }),
});

import { ApolloProvider } from '@apollo/client/react';
import { apolloClient } from './src/apollo/client';
import { RootNavigator } from './src/navigation';

export default function App() {
  return (
    <ApolloProvider client={apolloClient}>
      <RootNavigator />
    </ApolloProvider>
  );
}

# Install codegen tools
npm install -D @graphql-codegen/cli @graphql-codegen/client-preset

import type { CodegenConfig } from '@graphql-codegen/cli';

const config: CodegenConfig = {
  schema: 'https://api.example.com/graphql',
  documents: ['src/**/*.tsx', 'src/**/*.ts'],
  generates: {
    './src/gql/': {
      preset: 'client',
      config: {
        documentMode: 'string',
      },
    },
  },
};

export default config;

import { useQuery } from '@apollo/client/react';
import { graphql } from '../gql';
import { ActivityIndicator, FlatList, Text, View } from 'react-native';

const GET_PRODUCTS = graphql(`
  query GetProducts($category: String!, $limit: Int, $offset: Int) {
    products(category: $category, limit: $limit, offset: $offset) {
      id
      name
      price
      imageUrl
    }
  }
`);

export function ProductListScreen({ category }: { category: string }) {
  const { data, loading, error, fetchMore } = useQuery(GET_PRODUCTS, {
    variables: { category, limit: 20, offset: 0 },
    // Fetch from cache first, then network
    fetchPolicy: 'cache-and-network',
    // Keep previous data while fetching new
    notifyOnNetworkStatusChange: true,
  });

  if (error) {
    return <Text>Error: {error.message}</Text>;
  }

  const loadMore = () => {
    fetchMore({
      variables: { offset: data?.products.length ?? 0 },
    });
  };

  return (
    <FlatList
      data={data?.products ?? []}
      keyExtractor={(item) => item.id}
      renderItem={({ item }) => <ProductCard product={item} />}
      onEndReached={loadMore}
      onEndReachedThreshold={0.5}
      ListFooterComponent={loading ? <ActivityIndicator /> : null}
    />
  );
}

import { useMutation } from '@apollo/client/react';
import { graphql } from '../gql';

const ADD_TO_CART = graphql(`
  mutation AddToCart($productId: ID!, $quantity: Int!) {
    addToCart(productId: $productId, quantity: $quantity) {
      id
      items {
        id
        product {
          id
          name
        }
        quantity
      }
      totalPrice
    }
  }
`);

export function useAddToCart() {
  const [addToCart, { loading }] = useMutation(ADD_TO_CART, {
    // Optimistic response for instant UI feedback
    optimisticResponse: ({ productId, quantity }) => ({
      addToCart: {
        __typename: 'Cart',
        id: 'current-cart',
        items: [],
        totalPrice: 0,
      },
    }),
    // Update cache after mutation
    update(cache, { data }) {
      if (!data?.addToCart) return;
      cache.modify({
        id: cache.identify({ __typename: 'Cart', id: 'current-cart' }),
        fields: {
          items: () => data.addToCart.items,
          totalPrice: () => data.addToCart.totalPrice,
        },
      });
    },
  });

  return { addToCart, loading };
}

import { NetworkError, GraphQLErrors } from '@apollo/client/errors';
import { Text, Button, View } from 'react-native';

interface Props {
  error: Error;
  onRetry: () => void;
}

export function QueryErrorHandler({ error, onRetry }: Props) {
  // Network failure (offline, timeout, DNS)
  if (NetworkError.is(error)) {
    return (
      <View>
        <Text>Connection failed. Check your internet.</Text>
        <Button title="Retry" onPress={onRetry} />
      </View>
    );
  }

  // GraphQL validation or resolver errors
  if (GraphQLErrors.is(error)) {
    const firstError = error.graphQLErrors[0];
    if (firstError?.extensions?.code === 'UNAUTHENTICATED') {
      return <Text>Session expired. Please log in again.</Text>;
    }
    return <Text>Request failed: {firstError?.message}</Text>;
  }

  return <Text>Something went wrong</Text>;
}

import AsyncStorage from '@react-native-async-storage/async-storage';
import { persistCache } from 'apollo3-cache-persist';
import { apolloClient } from './client';

export async function initializeCache() {
  await persistCache({
    cache: apolloClient.cache,
    storage: AsyncStorage,
    maxSize: 1024 * 1024 * 5, // 5 MB limit
    debounce: 1000, // Write at most once per second
  });
}

import { split, HttpLink, ApolloClient, InMemoryCache } from '@apollo/client';
import { GraphQLWsLink } from '@apollo/client/link/subscriptions';
import { createClient } from 'graphql-ws';
import { getMainDefinition } from '@apollo/client/utilities';

const httpLink = new HttpLink({ uri: 'https://api.example.com/graphql' });

const wsLink = new GraphQLWsLink(
  createClient({
    url: 'wss://api.example.com/graphql',
    connectionParams: async () => ({
      authToken: await getStoredToken(),
    }),
  })
);

// Route subscriptions to WebSocket, others to HTTP
const splitLink = split(
  ({ query }) => {
    const definition = getMainDefinition(query);
    return (
      definition.kind === 'OperationDefinition' &&
      definition.operation === 'subscription'
    );
  },
  wsLink,
  httpLink
);

export const apolloClient = new ApolloClient({
  link: splitLink,
  cache: new InMemoryCache(),
});

import { setContext } from '@apollo/client/link/context';
import { getStoredToken } from '../auth/storage';

export const authLink = setContext(async (_, { headers }) => {
  const token = await getStoredToken();
  return {
    headers: {
      ...headers,
      authorization: token ? `Bearer ${token}` : '',
    },
  };
});