Systems programming language offering memory safety guarantees without garbage collector through ownership system. C/C++ equivalent performance with zero-cost abstractions, concurrency without data races, and rich ecosystem (Cargo, crates.io) for building reliable backend APIs, WebAssembly and critical systems.
Ownership system for guaranteed memory safety at compile time (no garbage collector)
C/C++ performance with zero-cost abstractions and low-level control
Concurrency without data races thanks to type system (Send, Sync traits)
Expressive pattern matching, powerful enums and Result<T, E> for error handling
Cargo for dependency management, build and integrated testing
Async/await with Tokio or async-std for non-blocking I/O
Modern web frameworks (Axum, Actix-web, Rocket) for REST APIs
Strong type system with traits, generics, lifetimes and type inference
Comprehensive testing (unit tests, integration tests, doc tests, property-based)
WebAssembly first-class support, cross-compilation and optimized binaries
The most important concepts to understand this technology and ace your interviews
Rust basics: variables (let, mut), primitive types, functions, modules
Ownership: move semantics, borrowing, references (&, &mut), lifetimes
Borrowing rules: one &mut OR multiple &, no dangling references
Structs, enums, pattern matching and destructuring
Traits: definition, implementation, trait bounds, derive macros
Generics: generic functions, structs, enums with trait bounds
Lifetimes: annotations ('a), lifetime elision, static lifetime
Error handling: Result<T, E>, Option<T>, ? operator, panic vs Result
Collections: Vec, HashMap, HashSet, iterators and methods (map, filter, collect)
Iterators: Iterator trait, lazy evaluation, combinators, for loops
Ownership patterns: Clone vs Copy, Rc/Arc, RefCell/Mutex for interior mutability
Concurrency: threads, Arc<Mutex<T>>, channels (mpsc), Send/Sync traits
Async/await: Future trait, async fn, .await, Tokio runtime, async tasks
Axum/Actix-web: routing, handlers, extractors, middleware, state management
Database: sqlx (compile-time checking), Diesel ORM, async queries
Serialization: serde (Serialize, Deserialize), JSON, derive macros
Testing: #[test], #[cfg(test)], assert!, integration tests, mocking
Macros: declarative macros (macro_rules!), procedural macros, derive
Memory safety: no null pointers, no buffer overflows, thread safety
Performance: zero-cost abstractions, inlining, LLVM optimizations, profiling
Cargo: dependencies (Cargo.toml), features, workspaces, build scripts
Deployment: cross-compilation, Docker, static binaries, release profiles
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