C# Language Essentials
Nullable types, generics, attributes, extension methods, type casting, advanced enums
1What is the correct syntax to declare a nullable int variable in C#?
What is the correct syntax to declare a nullable int variable in C#?
Answer
In C#, a nullable type for value types is declared with the '?' suffix after the type (int?, bool?, DateTime?). This allows value types to have a null value, which is not possible by default. Nullable types are useful to represent the absence of value in database or API scenarios.
2Which operator allows providing a default value if a nullable variable is null?
Which operator allows providing a default value if a nullable variable is null?
Answer
The null-coalescing operator '??' returns the left-hand value if it is not null, otherwise the right-hand value. This operator is very useful for handling nullable types and avoiding NullReferenceException. There is also the '??=' operator for conditional assignment introduced in C# 8.
3What is the difference between casting with '(Type)' and 'as' in C#?
What is the difference between casting with '(Type)' and 'as' in C#?
Answer
The cast '(Type)object' throws an InvalidCastException if the conversion fails, while the 'as' operator returns null on failure. The 'as' operator only works with reference types and nullable value types. Use 'as' to avoid exceptions in cases where null is an acceptable value.
How to check if a nullable variable has a value before using it?
What is the syntax to declare a generic class with a type constraint?
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