React 19 useEffectEvent와 Activity 완벽 가이드: 새로운 API와 면접 질문 2026

// Before useEffectEvent: useRef workaround
import { useEffect, useRef } from 'react'

export function useChatRoom(roomId: string, theme: string) {
  // Store theme in a ref to avoid stale closure
  const themeRef = useRef(theme)
  themeRef.current = theme

  useEffect(() => {
    const connection = createConnection(roomId)
    connection.on('message', (msg) => {
      // themeRef.current always has the latest value
      logAnalytics('new_message', { roomId, theme: themeRef.current })
      showNotification(msg)
    })
    connection.connect()
    return () => connection.disconnect()
  }, [roomId]) // theme intentionally excluded — but linter warns
}

// After useEffectEvent: clean separation of concerns
import { useEffect, useEffectEvent } from 'react'

export function useChatRoom(roomId: string, theme: string) {
  // Effect Event: always reads latest theme, never triggers reconnect
  const onMessage = useEffectEvent((msg: string) => {
    logAnalytics('new_message', { roomId, theme })
    showNotification(msg)
  })

  useEffect(() => {
    const connection = createConnection(roomId)
    connection.on('message', onMessage)
    connection.connect()
    return () => connection.disconnect()
  }, [roomId]) // No linter warning — onMessage is an Effect Event
}

// Correct: Effect Event used inside useEffect
import { useEffect, useEffectEvent, useState } from 'react'

interface SearchTrackerProps {
  query: string
  userId: string
}

export function SearchTracker({ query, userId }: SearchTrackerProps) {
  const [results, setResults] = useState<string[]>([])

  // Track searches with current user context
  const onSearchComplete = useEffectEvent((resultCount: number) => {
    analytics.track('search_complete', {
      query,
      userId,       // Always latest userId
      resultCount,
      timestamp: Date.now(),
    })
  })

  useEffect(() => {
    const controller = new AbortController()
    fetchSearchResults(query, controller.signal).then((data) => {
      setResults(data)
      onSearchComplete(data.length) // Called from inside useEffect
    })
    return () => controller.abort()
  }, [query]) // userId excluded safely — lives in the Effect Event

  return <ResultsList results={results} />
}

// Activity preserves form state across tab switches
import { useState } from 'react'
import { Activity } from 'react'

interface Tab {
  id: string
  label: string
  content: React.ReactNode
}

export function TabLayout({ tabs }: { tabs: Tab[] }) {
  const [activeTab, setActiveTab] = useState(tabs[0].id)

  return (
    <div>
      <nav className="flex gap-2 border-b border-border">
        {tabs.map((tab) => (
          <button
            key={tab.id}
            onClick={() => setActiveTab(tab.id)}
            className={activeTab === tab.id ? 'border-b-2 border-primary' : ''}
          >
            {tab.label}
          </button>
        ))}
      </nav>
      {tabs.map((tab) => (
        <Activity key={tab.id} mode={activeTab === tab.id ? 'visible' : 'hidden'}>
          {tab.content}
        </Activity>
      ))}
    </div>
  )
}

// Pre-render the next likely route in the background
import { Activity, Suspense, use } from 'react'

interface PrerenderedRouteProps {
  isActive: boolean
  dataPromise: Promise<DashboardData>
}

export function PrerenderedRoute({ isActive, dataPromise }: PrerenderedRouteProps) {
  return (
    <Activity mode={isActive ? 'visible' : 'hidden'}>
      <Suspense fallback={<DashboardSkeleton />}>
        <DashboardContent dataPromise={dataPromise} />
      </Suspense>
    </Activity>
  )
}

function DashboardContent({ dataPromise }: { dataPromise: Promise<DashboardData> }) {
  // use() reads the cached promise — works during hidden pre-render
  const data = use(dataPromise)
  return (
    <div className="grid grid-cols-3 gap-4">
      <MetricsCard data={data.metrics} />
      <ChartPanel data={data.charts} />
      <RecentActivity items={data.activity} />
    </div>
  )
}

// Problem: useQuery won't fetch when Activity is hidden
import { useQuery, useQueryClient } from '@tanstack/react-query'
import { Activity } from 'react'

function UserStats() {
  // This useQuery will NOT run while hidden
  const { data } = useQuery({
    queryKey: ['user-stats'],
    queryFn: fetchUserStats,
  })
  return <StatsDisplay data={data} />
}

// Solution: prefetch data outside the Activity boundary
function DashboardWithPrefetch({ showStats }: { showStats: boolean }) {
  const queryClient = useQueryClient()

  // Prefetch at the parent level — runs regardless of Activity mode
  queryClient.ensureQueryData({
    queryKey: ['user-stats'],
    queryFn: fetchUserStats,
  })

  return (
    <Activity mode={showStats ? 'visible' : 'hidden'}>
      <UserStats />
    </Activity>
  )
}

import { useEffect, useEffectEvent, useState } from 'react'
import { Activity } from 'react'

function LiveFeed({ channel, userId }: { channel: string; userId: string }) {
  const [messages, setMessages] = useState<Message[]>([])

  // Analytics tracking with latest userId — no effect re-sync
  const onNewMessage = useEffectEvent((msg: Message) => {
    analytics.track('live_message', { channel, userId })
    setMessages((prev) => [...prev, msg])
  })

  useEffect(() => {
    const ws = new WebSocket(`wss://api.example.com/${channel}`)
    ws.onmessage = (event) => {
      const msg = JSON.parse(event.data) as Message
      onNewMessage(msg)
    }
    return () => ws.close()
  }, [channel]) // Clean reconnect only when channel changes

  return <MessageList messages={messages} />
}

export function LiveDashboard({ userId }: { userId: string }) {
  const [activeChannel, setActiveChannel] = useState('general')
  const channels = ['general', 'alerts', 'metrics']

  return (
    <div>
      <nav className="flex gap-2">
        {channels.map((ch) => (
          <button key={ch} onClick={() => setActiveChannel(ch)}>
            {ch}
          </button>
        ))}
      </nav>
      {channels.map((ch) => (
        <Activity key={ch} mode={activeChannel === ch ? 'visible' : 'hidden'}>
          <LiveFeed channel={ch} userId={userId} />
        </Activity>
      ))}
    </div>
  )
}