Flutter와 Firebase 2026: 인증, Firestore 및 면접 질문 완벽 가이드

import 'package:firebase_core/firebase_core.dart';
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'firebase_options.dart';

void main() async {
  WidgetsFlutterBinding.ensureInitialized();
  // Initialize Firebase with platform-specific config
  await Firebase.initializeApp(
    options: DefaultFirebaseOptions.currentPlatform,
  );
  runApp(const MyApp());
}

import 'package:firebase_auth/firebase_auth.dart';

class AuthService {
  final FirebaseAuth _auth = FirebaseAuth.instance;

  // Register with email and password
  Future<User?> register(String email, String password) async {
    try {
      final credential = await _auth.createUserWithEmailAndPassword(
        email: email,
        password: password,
      );
      return credential.user;
    } on FirebaseAuthException catch (e) {
      // Handle specific error codes
      switch (e.code) {
        case 'email-already-in-use':
          throw Exception('This email is already registered');
        case 'weak-password':
          throw Exception('Password must be at least 6 characters');
        default:
          throw Exception('Registration failed: ${e.message}');
      }
    }
  }

  // Sign in with existing credentials
  Future<User?> signIn(String email, String password) async {
    final credential = await _auth.signInWithEmailAndPassword(
      email: email,
      password: password,
    );
    return credential.user;
  }

  // Reactive auth state stream
  Stream<User?> get authStateChanges => _auth.authStateChanges();
}

import 'package:firebase_auth/firebase_auth.dart';
import 'package:google_sign_in/google_sign_in.dart';

Future<UserCredential> signInWithGoogle() async {
  // Trigger the native Google Sign-In flow
  final googleUser = await GoogleSignIn().signIn();
  if (googleUser == null) throw Exception('Sign-in cancelled');

  // Obtain auth details from the Google account
  final googleAuth = await googleUser.authentication;

  // Create a Firebase credential from the Google tokens
  final credential = GoogleAuthProvider.credential(
    accessToken: googleAuth.accessToken,
    idToken: googleAuth.idToken,
  );

  // Sign in to Firebase with the Google credential
  return FirebaseAuth.instance.signInWithCredential(credential);
}

import 'package:cloud_firestore/cloud_firestore.dart';

class TaskService {
  final _db = FirebaseFirestore.instance;
  final String _collection = 'tasks';

  // Create a new document with auto-generated ID
  Future<String> createTask(String userId, String title) async {
    final doc = await _db.collection(_collection).add({
      'userId': userId,
      'title': title,
      'completed': false,
      'createdAt': FieldValue.serverTimestamp(),
    });
    return doc.id;
  }

  // Read a single document by ID
  Future<Map<String, dynamic>?> getTask(String taskId) async {
    final snapshot = await _db.collection(_collection).doc(taskId).get();
    return snapshot.data();
  }

  // Update specific fields without overwriting the entire document
  Future<void> toggleComplete(String taskId, bool completed) async {
    await _db.collection(_collection).doc(taskId).update({
      'completed': completed,
      'updatedAt': FieldValue.serverTimestamp(),
    });
  }

  // Delete a document
  Future<void> deleteTask(String taskId) async {
    await _db.collection(_collection).doc(taskId).delete();
  }
}

import 'package:cloud_firestore/cloud_firestore.dart';

class TaskStream {
  final _db = FirebaseFirestore.instance;

  // Stream all tasks for a specific user, ordered by creation date
  Stream<List<Map<String, dynamic>>> userTasks(String userId) {
    return _db
        .collection('tasks')
        .where('userId', isEqualTo: userId)
        .orderBy('createdAt', descending: true)
        .snapshots()
        .map((snapshot) => snapshot.docs.map((doc) {
              final data = doc.data();
              data['id'] = doc.id; // Include document ID
              return data;
            }).toList());
  }
}

rules_version = '2';
service cloud.firestore {
  match /databases/{database}/documents {
    // Users can only access their own profile
    match /users/{userId} {
      allow read, update: if request.auth != null
                          && request.auth.uid == userId;
      allow create: if request.auth != null;
      allow delete: if false; // Prevent self-deletion
    }

    // Tasks belong to the user who created them
    match /tasks/{taskId} {
      allow read, write: if request.auth != null
                         && resource.data.userId == request.auth.uid;
      allow create: if request.auth != null
                    && request.resource.data.userId == request.auth.uid;
    }
  }
}

StreamBuilder<DocumentSnapshot>(
  stream: FirebaseFirestore.instance
      .collection('tasks')
      .doc(taskId)
      .snapshots(),
  builder: (context, snapshot) {
    if (!snapshot.hasData) return const CircularProgressIndicator();

    final data = snapshot.data!;
    final isPending = data.metadata.hasPendingWrites;

    return Row(
      children: [
        Text(data['title']),
        if (isPending) const Icon(Icons.cloud_upload, size: 16),
      ],
    );
  },
)

abstract class TaskRepository {
  Future<String> create(String userId, String title);
  Stream<List<Task>> watchAll(String userId);
  Future<void> update(String id, Map<String, dynamic> fields);
  Future<void> delete(String id);
}

// firebase_task_repository.dart
class FirebaseTaskRepository implements TaskRepository {
  final _db = FirebaseFirestore.instance;

  @override
  Future<String> create(String userId, String title) async {
    final doc = await _db.collection('tasks').add({
      'userId': userId,
      'title': title,
      'completed': false,
      'createdAt': FieldValue.serverTimestamp(),
    });
    return doc.id;
  }

  @override
  Stream<List<Task>> watchAll(String userId) {
    return _db
        .collection('tasks')
        .where('userId', isEqualTo: userId)
        .orderBy('createdAt', descending: true)
        .snapshots()
        .map((s) => s.docs.map(Task.fromFirestore).toList());
  }

  // ... update and delete implementations
}