Angular HttpClient và Interceptor năm 2026: Xử lý Request và Câu hỏi Phỏng vấn

import { bootstrapApplication } from '@angular/platform-browser';
import { provideHttpClient, withInterceptors } from '@angular/common/http';
import { AppComponent } from './app/app.component';
import { authInterceptor } from './interceptors/auth.interceptor';
import { loggingInterceptor } from './interceptors/logging.interceptor';

bootstrapApplication(AppComponent, {
  providers: [
    provideHttpClient(
      // Interceptor được thực thi theo thứ tự mảng
      withInterceptors([authInterceptor, loggingInterceptor])
    ),
  ],
});

import { HttpInterceptorFn, HttpRequest, HttpHandlerFn, HttpEvent } from '@angular/common/http';
import { Observable, tap } from 'rxjs';

export const loggingInterceptor: HttpInterceptorFn = (
  req: HttpRequest<unknown>,
  next: HttpHandlerFn
): Observable<HttpEvent<unknown>> => {
  const startTime = performance.now();
  console.log(`[HTTP] ${req.method} ${req.url}`);

  return next(req).pipe(
    tap({
      next: () => {
        const duration = Math.round(performance.now() - startTime);
        console.log(`[HTTP] ${req.method} ${req.url} completed in ${duration}ms`);
      },
      error: (err) => {
        console.error(`[HTTP] ${req.method} ${req.url} failed:`, err.message);
      },
    })
  );
};

import { HttpInterceptorFn } from '@angular/common/http';
import { inject } from '@angular/core';
import { AuthService } from '../services/auth.service';

export const authInterceptor: HttpInterceptorFn = (req, next) => {
  // Inject service sử dụng hàm inject() của Angular
  const authService = inject(AuthService);
  const token = authService.getAccessToken();

  // Bỏ qua auth header cho public endpoint
  if (req.url.includes('/public/') || !token) {
    return next(req);
  }

  // Clone request với header Authorization
  const authReq = req.clone({
    setHeaders: {
      Authorization: `Bearer ${token}`,
    },
  });

  return next(authReq);
};

import { HttpInterceptorFn, HttpErrorResponse } from '@angular/common/http';
import { retry, timer } from 'rxjs';

export const retryInterceptor: HttpInterceptorFn = (req, next) => {
  // Chỉ retry GET request (idempotent)
  if (req.method !== 'GET') {
    return next(req);
  }

  return next(req).pipe(
    retry({
      count: 3,
      delay: (error: HttpErrorResponse, retryCount: number) => {
        // Không retry client error (4xx)
        if (error.status >= 400 && error.status < 500) {
          throw error;
        }
        // Exponential backoff: 1s, 2s, 4s
        const delayMs = Math.pow(2, retryCount - 1) * 1000;
        console.log(`Retry #${retryCount} in ${delayMs}ms`);
        return timer(delayMs);
      },
    })
  );
};

import { HttpInterceptorFn, HttpContextToken, HttpResponse } from '@angular/common/http';
import { of, tap } from 'rxjs';

// Context token để kiểm soát caching theo từng request
export const CACHE_REQUEST = new HttpContextToken<boolean>(() => false);

const cache = new Map<string, HttpResponse<unknown>>();

export const cacheInterceptor: HttpInterceptorFn = (req, next) => {
  // Chỉ cache nếu được yêu cầu rõ ràng qua context
  if (!req.context.get(CACHE_REQUEST) || req.method !== 'GET') {
    return next(req);
  }

  const cacheKey = req.urlWithParams;
  const cachedResponse = cache.get(cacheKey);

  if (cachedResponse) {
    console.log(`[Cache] HIT: ${cacheKey}`);
    return of(cachedResponse.clone());
  }

  return next(req).pipe(
    tap((event) => {
      if (event instanceof HttpResponse) {
        console.log(`[Cache] STORE: ${cacheKey}`);
        cache.set(cacheKey, event.clone());
      }
    })
  );
};

import { HttpClient, HttpContext } from '@angular/common/http';
import { CACHE_REQUEST } from '../interceptors/cache.interceptor';

export class UserService {
  constructor(private http: HttpClient) {}

  getUser(id: string) {
    return this.http.get(`/api/users/${id}`, {
      context: new HttpContext().set(CACHE_REQUEST, true),
    });
  }
}

import { HttpInterceptorFn, HttpErrorResponse } from '@angular/common/http';
import { inject } from '@angular/core';
import { catchError, switchMap, throwError, BehaviorSubject, filter, take } from 'rxjs';
import { AuthService } from '../services/auth.service';

let isRefreshing = false;
const refreshTokenSubject = new BehaviorSubject<string | null>(null);

export const tokenRefreshInterceptor: HttpInterceptorFn = (req, next) => {
  const authService = inject(AuthService);

  return next(req).pipe(
    catchError((error: HttpErrorResponse) => {
      if (error.status !== 401 || req.url.includes('/auth/refresh')) {
        return throwError(() => error);
      }

      if (isRefreshing) {
        // Đợi refresh hoàn thành
        return refreshTokenSubject.pipe(
          filter((token) => token !== null),
          take(1),
          switchMap((token) => {
            const retryReq = req.clone({
              setHeaders: { Authorization: `Bearer ${token}` },
            });
            return next(retryReq);
          })
        );
      }

      isRefreshing = true;
      refreshTokenSubject.next(null);

      return authService.refreshToken().pipe(
        switchMap((response) => {
          isRefreshing = false;
          refreshTokenSubject.next(response.accessToken);
          const retryReq = req.clone({
            setHeaders: { Authorization: `Bearer ${response.accessToken}` },
          });
          return next(retryReq);
        }),
        catchError((refreshError) => {
          isRefreshing = false;
          authService.logout();
          return throwError(() => refreshError);
        })
      );
    })
  );
};

import { TestBed } from '@angular/core/testing';
import { HttpClient, provideHttpClient, withInterceptors } from '@angular/common/http';
import { HttpTestingController, provideHttpClientTesting } from '@angular/common/http/testing';
import { authInterceptor } from './auth.interceptor';
import { AuthService } from '../services/auth.service';

describe('authInterceptor', () => {
  let httpClient: HttpClient;
  let httpTesting: HttpTestingController;
  let authServiceSpy: jasmine.SpyObj<AuthService>;

  beforeEach(() => {
    authServiceSpy = jasmine.createSpyObj('AuthService', ['getAccessToken']);

    TestBed.configureTestingModule({
      providers: [
        provideHttpClient(withInterceptors([authInterceptor])),
        provideHttpClientTesting(),
        { provide: AuthService, useValue: authServiceSpy },
      ],
    });

    httpClient = TestBed.inject(HttpClient);
    httpTesting = TestBed.inject(HttpTestingController);
  });

  it('should add Authorization header when token exists', () => {
    authServiceSpy.getAccessToken.and.returnValue('test-token');

    httpClient.get('/api/data').subscribe();

    const req = httpTesting.expectOne('/api/data');
    expect(req.request.headers.get('Authorization')).toBe('Bearer test-token');
    req.flush({ data: 'test' });
  });

  it('should skip Authorization for public endpoints', () => {
    authServiceSpy.getAccessToken.and.returnValue('test-token');

    httpClient.get('/public/health').subscribe();

    const req = httpTesting.expectOne('/public/health');
    expect(req.request.headers.has('Authorization')).toBeFalse();
    req.flush({ status: 'ok' });
  });
});

import { bootstrapApplication } from '@angular/platform-browser';
import { provideHttpClient, withInterceptors } from '@angular/common/http';
import { AppComponent } from './app/app.component';
import { authInterceptor } from './interceptors/auth.interceptor';
import { tokenRefreshInterceptor } from './interceptors/token-refresh.interceptor';
import { cacheInterceptor } from './interceptors/cache.interceptor';
import { retryInterceptor } from './interceptors/retry.interceptor';
import { loggingInterceptor } from './interceptors/logging.interceptor';

bootstrapApplication(AppComponent, {
  providers: [
    provideHttpClient(
      withInterceptors([
        // Thứ tự: auth -> refresh -> cache -> retry -> logging
        authInterceptor,
        tokenRefreshInterceptor,
        cacheInterceptor,
        retryInterceptor,
        loggingInterceptor,
      ])
    ),
  ],
});