20 Câu Hỏi Phỏng Vấn Jetpack Compose Hàng Đầu Năm 2026

// Compose: UI updates automatically when count changes
@Composable
fun Counter() {
    var count by remember { mutableStateOf(0) }  // Reactive state
    Button(onClick = { count++ }) {               // UI declaration
        Text("Clicks: $count")                    // Recomposed automatically
    }
}

@Composable
fun UserCard(name: String, age: Int) {
    Column {
        Text("Name: $name")   // Recomposed only if name changes
        Text("Age: $age")     // Recomposed only if age changes
        StaticBadge()          // Not recomposed if its inputs remain the same
    }
}

@Composable
fun StaticBadge() {
    Text("Static badge")  // Compose knows this function is stable
}

@Composable
fun InputField() {
    // ✅ Value survives recompositions
    var text by remember { mutableStateOf("") }

    // ❌ Without remember, text resets to "" on every recomposition
    // var text by mutableStateOf("")

    TextField(
        value = text,
        onValueChange = { text = it },  // Triggers recomposition
        label = { Text("Enter text") }
    )
}

@Composable
fun SearchBar() {
    // Lost after screen rotation
    var query by remember { mutableStateOf("") }

    // Preserved after screen rotation
    var savedQuery by rememberSaveable { mutableStateOf("") }

    TextField(
        value = savedQuery,
        onValueChange = { savedQuery = it },
        placeholder = { Text("Search...") }
    )
}

// ✅ Stateless composable, easy to test and reuse
@Composable
fun EmailInput(
    email: String,                    // State provided by parent
    onEmailChange: (String) -> Unit,  // Callback to parent
    modifier: Modifier = Modifier
) {
    TextField(
        value = email,
        onValueChange = onEmailChange,
        label = { Text("Email") },
        modifier = modifier
    )
}

// Parent manages the state
@Composable
fun LoginForm() {
    var email by remember { mutableStateOf("") }
    EmailInput(
        email = email,
        onEmailChange = { email = it }  // Parent controls state
    )
}

@Composable
fun FilteredList(items: List<String>) {
    var searchQuery by remember { mutableStateOf("") }

    // Recalculated only when the filtered result actually changes
    val filteredItems by remember(items) {
        derivedStateOf {
            items.filter { it.contains(searchQuery, ignoreCase = true) }
        }
    }

    Column {
        TextField(value = searchQuery, onValueChange = { searchQuery = it })
        LazyColumn {
            items(filteredItems) { item -> Text(item) }
        }
    }
}

class UserViewModel : ViewModel() {
    private val _uiState = MutableStateFlow(UserUiState())
    val uiState: StateFlow<UserUiState> = _uiState.asStateFlow()
}

@Composable
fun UserScreen(viewModel: UserViewModel = viewModel()) {
    // Converts StateFlow to State<T> for Compose
    val uiState by viewModel.uiState.collectAsStateWithLifecycle()

    Text("Hello, ${uiState.userName}")
}

@Composable
fun AnalyticsScreen(screenName: String) {
    // LaunchedEffect: runs once when screenName changes
    LaunchedEffect(screenName) {
        analyticsTracker.logScreenView(screenName)  // Suspended call
    }

    // DisposableEffect: with cleanup (like useEffect with cleanup)
    DisposableEffect(Unit) {
        val listener = onScrollListener()
        scrollView.addListener(listener)
        onDispose {
            scrollView.removeListener(listener)  // Cleanup guaranteed
        }
    }

    // SideEffect: runs after every successful recomposition
    SideEffect {
        logger.log("Screen recomposed")  // Non-suspended code
    }
}

@Composable
fun DataScreen(userId: String) {
    // ✅ LaunchedEffect: automatic loading tied to lifecycle
    LaunchedEffect(userId) {
        loadUserData(userId)  // Re-launched if userId changes
    }

    // ✅ rememberCoroutineScope: one-off user action
    val scope = rememberCoroutineScope()
    Button(onClick = {
        scope.launch { refreshData() }  // Triggered manually
    }) {
        Text("Refresh")
    }
}

@Composable
fun UserList(users: List<User>) {
    LazyColumn(
        contentPadding = PaddingValues(16.dp),
        verticalArrangement = Arrangement.spacedBy(8.dp)  // Spacing between items
    ) {
        items(
            items = users,
            key = { it.id }  // Stable key to optimize recompositions
        ) { user ->
            UserCard(user)
        }
    }
}

@Composable
fun OverlappingRow(
    overlapOffset: Dp = (-16).dp,  // Negative offset for overlap
    content: @Composable () -> Unit
) {
    Layout(content = content) { measurables, constraints ->
        val placeables = measurables.map { it.measure(constraints) }
        val width = placeables.sumOf { it.width } + (overlapOffset.roundToPx() * (placeables.size - 1))
        val height = placeables.maxOf { it.height }

        layout(width, height) {
            var xOffset = 0
            placeables.forEach { placeable ->
                placeable.placeRelative(xOffset, 0)
                xOffset += placeable.width + overlapOffset.roundToPx()
            }
        }
    }
}

// Custom color definitions
private val DarkColorScheme = darkColorScheme(
    primary = Color(0xFF6200EE),
    secondary = Color(0xFF03DAC6),
    background = Color(0xFF121212)
)

@Composable
fun AppTheme(content: @Composable () -> Unit) {
    MaterialTheme(
        colorScheme = DarkColorScheme,
        typography = AppTypography,    // Custom typography
        content = content
    )
}

// Usage in a composable
@Composable
fun ThemedCard() {
    Card(colors = CardDefaults.cardColors(
        containerColor = MaterialTheme.colorScheme.surface  // Theme access
    )) {
        Text(
            text = "Content",
            style = MaterialTheme.typography.bodyLarge  // Theme typography
        )
    }
}

@Composable
fun AppNavigation() {
    val navController = rememberNavController()

    NavHost(navController = navController, startDestination = "home") {
        composable("home") {
            HomeScreen(onNavigateToDetail = { id ->
                navController.navigate("detail/$id")  // Navigation with argument
            })
        }
        composable(
            route = "detail/{userId}",
            arguments = listOf(navArgument("userId") { type = NavType.StringType })
        ) { backStackEntry ->
            val userId = backStackEntry.arguments?.getString("userId") ?: ""
            DetailScreen(userId = userId)
        }
    }
}

// Type-safe navigation with Kotlin Serialization (Navigation 2.8+)
@Serializable
data class ProfileRoute(val userId: String, val tab: String = "info")

// Declaration
composable<ProfileRoute> { backStackEntry ->
    val route = backStackEntry.toRoute<ProfileRoute>()
    ProfileScreen(userId = route.userId, tab = route.tab)
}

// Navigation
navController.navigate(ProfileRoute(userId = "123", tab = "stats"))

// 1. Use stable classes (data class with immutable properties)
@Stable  // Tells Compose this class is stable
data class UserState(
    val name: String,
    val avatar: String
)

// 2. Extract lambdas with remember
@Composable
fun OptimizedList(onItemClick: (String) -> Unit) {
    val stableCallback = remember(onItemClick) { onItemClick }
    LazyColumn {
        items(100) { index ->
            ItemRow(onClick = { stableCallback("item_$index") })
        }
    }
}

// 3. Use key() to help Compose identify elements
@Composable
fun UserTabs(users: List<User>) {
    Column {
        users.forEach { user ->
            key(user.id) {    // Stable identity
                UserRow(user)
            }
        }
    }
}

// Enable recomposition counters in debug
@Composable
fun DebugRecomposition(tag: String, content: @Composable () -> Unit) {
    val recompositionCount = remember { mutableIntStateOf(0) }

    SideEffect {
        recompositionCount.intValue++  // Incremented on every recomposition
        Log.d("Recomposition", "$tag: ${recompositionCount.intValue} times")
    }

    content()
}

// Usage
DebugRecomposition("UserCard") {
    UserCard(user)
}

@Composable
fun ModifierOrderDemo() {
    // ❌ Padding THEN background = padding not colored
    Text(
        text = "Hello",
        modifier = Modifier
            .padding(16.dp)
            .background(Color.Red)
    )

    // ✅ Background THEN padding = padding is colored
    Text(
        text = "Hello",
        modifier = Modifier
            .background(Color.Red)
            .padding(16.dp)
    )
}

// UI State
data class ProfileUiState(
    val user: User? = null,
    val isLoading: Boolean = false,
    val error: String? = null
)

// User events
sealed interface ProfileEvent {
    data object Refresh : ProfileEvent
    data class UpdateName(val name: String) : ProfileEvent
}

// ViewModel
class ProfileViewModel(private val repo: UserRepository) : ViewModel() {
    private val _uiState = MutableStateFlow(ProfileUiState(isLoading = true))
    val uiState = _uiState.asStateFlow()

    fun onEvent(event: ProfileEvent) {
        when (event) {
            is ProfileEvent.Refresh -> loadProfile()
            is ProfileEvent.UpdateName -> updateName(event.name)
        }
    }
}

// Compose screen
@Composable
fun ProfileScreen(viewModel: ProfileViewModel = viewModel()) {
    val uiState by viewModel.uiState.collectAsStateWithLifecycle()
    ProfileContent(
        uiState = uiState,
        onEvent = viewModel::onEvent  // Event delegation
    )
}

@get:Rule
val composeTestRule = createComposeRule()

@Test
fun counter_incrementsOnClick() {
    composeTestRule.setContent {
        Counter()  // The composable under test
    }

    // Verify initial state
    composeTestRule.onNodeWithText("Clicks: 0").assertIsDisplayed()

    // Simulate a click
    composeTestRule.onNodeWithText("Clicks: 0").performClick()

    // With v2 APIs, advance the clock explicitly
    composeTestRule.waitForIdle()

    // Verify new state
    composeTestRule.onNodeWithText("Clicks: 1").assertIsDisplayed()
}

// Compose in XML (in a Fragment or Activity)
class ProfileFragment : Fragment() {
    override fun onCreateView(inflater: LayoutInflater, container: ViewGroup?, savedInstanceState: Bundle?): View {
        return ComposeView(requireContext()).apply {
            setViewCompositionStrategy(
                ViewCompositionStrategy.DisposeOnViewTreeLifecycleDestroyed
            )
            setContent {
                AppTheme { ProfileScreen() }
            }
        }
    }
}

// XML View in Compose
@Composable
fun LegacyMapView() {
    AndroidView(
        factory = { context -> MapView(context).apply { onCreate(null) } },
        update = { mapView -> mapView.getMapAsync { /* config */ } }
    )
}