Laravel Middleware 완벽 가이드: 인증, 속도 제한, 커스텀 미들웨어 구축

namespace App\Http\Middleware;

use Closure;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Log;
use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response;

class LogRequestTime
{
    public function handle(Request $request, Closure $next): Response
    {
        $start = microtime(true);          // Capture start time

        $response = $next($request);       // Pass to next middleware

        $duration = microtime(true) - $start;
        Log::info('Request completed', [
            'url'      => $request->url(),
            'method'   => $request->method(),
            'duration' => round($duration * 1000, 2) . 'ms',
        ]);

        return $response;                  // Return response up the stack
    }
}

use App\Http\Controllers\DashboardController;
use App\Http\Controllers\ProfileController;

// Single route protection
Route::get('/dashboard', [DashboardController::class, 'index'])
    ->middleware('auth');

// Group protection for multiple routes
Route::middleware('auth')->group(function () {
    Route::get('/profile', [ProfileController::class, 'show']);
    Route::put('/profile', [ProfileController::class, 'update']);
    Route::delete('/profile', [ProfileController::class, 'destroy']);
});

// API routes use the 'sanctum' guard
Route::middleware('auth:sanctum')->group(function () {
    Route::get('/user', fn (Request $request) => $request->user());
    Route::apiResource('/orders', OrderController::class);
});

// routes/web.php
// Admin routes use a custom 'admin' guard
Route::middleware('auth:admin')->prefix('admin')->group(function () {
    Route::get('/dashboard', [AdminController::class, 'index']);
    Route::get('/users', [AdminController::class, 'users']);
});

// Allow 60 requests per minute per user
Route::middleware('throttle:60,1')->group(function () {
    Route::get('/posts', [PostController::class, 'index']);
    Route::get('/posts/{post}', [PostController::class, 'show']);
});

// Stricter limit for write operations
Route::middleware(['auth:sanctum', 'throttle:10,1'])->group(function () {
    Route::post('/posts', [PostController::class, 'store']);
    Route::put('/posts/{post}', [PostController::class, 'update']);
});

use Illuminate\Cache\RateLimiting\Limit;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\RateLimiter;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;

public function boot(): void
{
    // API rate limiter with tiered access
    RateLimiter::for('api', function (Request $request) {
        $user = $request->user();

        if ($user?->hasSubscription('enterprise')) {
            return Limit::perMinute(500)->by($user->id);   // Enterprise: 500/min
        }

        if ($user) {
            return Limit::perMinute(100)->by($user->id);   // Authenticated: 100/min
        }

        return Limit::perMinute(20)->by($request->ip());   // Anonymous: 20/min
    });

    // Login limiter to prevent brute force
    RateLimiter::for('login', function (Request $request) {
        return Limit::perMinute(5)
            ->by($request->ip())                            // Key by IP address
            ->response(function () {                        // Custom exceeded response
                return response()->json([
                    'message' => 'Too many login attempts. Try again in a minute.',
                ], 429);
            });
    });
}

Route::middleware('throttle:api')->group(function () {
    Route::apiResource('/posts', PostController::class);
});

// routes/web.php
Route::middleware('throttle:login')
    ->post('/login', [AuthController::class, 'login']);

php artisan make:middleware EnsureUserHasRole

namespace App\Http\Middleware;

use Closure;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response;

class EnsureUserHasRole
{
    public function handle(Request $request, Closure $next, string ...$roles): Response
    {
        $user = $request->user();

        if (! $user || ! $user->hasAnyRole($roles)) {
            abort(403, 'Insufficient permissions.');
        }

        return $next($request);
    }
}

->withMiddleware(function (Middleware $middleware) {
    $middleware->alias([
        'role' => \App\Http\Middleware\EnsureUserHasRole::class,
    ]);
})

// routes/web.php
Route::middleware('role:admin')->group(function () {
    Route::get('/admin', [AdminController::class, 'index']);
});

// Multiple roles: admin OR editor can access
Route::middleware('role:admin,editor')->group(function () {
    Route::resource('/articles', ArticleController::class);
});

namespace App\Http\Middleware;

use Closure;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response;

class ApiRequestSanitizer
{
    public function handle(Request $request, Closure $next): Response
    {
        // Reject non-JSON requests on API routes
        if (! $request->expectsJson() && $request->isMethod('POST')) {
            return response()->json(
                ['error' => 'Content-Type must be application/json'],
                415
            );
        }

        // Trim all string inputs
        $input = $request->all();
        array_walk_recursive($input, function (&$value) {
            if (is_string($value)) {
                $value = trim($value);
            }
        });
        $request->merge($input);

        return $next($request);
    }
}

use Illuminate\Foundation\Application;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Configuration\Middleware;

return Application::configure(basePath: dirname(__DIR__))
    ->withMiddleware(function (Middleware $middleware) {
        // Global middleware (runs on every request)
        $middleware->append(
            \App\Http\Middleware\LogRequestTime::class
        );

        // Add to the 'web' middleware group
        $middleware->web(append: [
            \App\Http\Middleware\TrackPageViews::class,
        ]);

        // Add to the 'api' middleware group
        $middleware->api(prepend: [
            \App\Http\Middleware\ApiRequestSanitizer::class,
        ]);

        // Register aliases for route-level use
        $middleware->alias([
            'role'       => \App\Http\Middleware\EnsureUserHasRole::class,
            'subscribed' => \App\Http\Middleware\EnsureUserIsSubscribed::class,
        ]);

        // Control execution order
        $middleware->priority([
            \Illuminate\Session\Middleware\StartSession::class,
            \Illuminate\Auth\Middleware\Authenticate::class,
            \App\Http\Middleware\EnsureUserHasRole::class,
        ]);
    })
    ->create();

namespace App\Http\Middleware;

use Closure;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;
use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response;

class CollectAnalytics
{
    public function handle(Request $request, Closure $next): Response
    {
        return $next($request);  // Pass through without delay
    }

    public function terminate(Request $request, Response $response): void
    {
        // Runs after response is sent to client
        DB::table('analytics')->insert([
            'path'        => $request->path(),
            'method'      => $request->method(),
            'status_code' => $response->getStatusCode(),
            'user_id'     => $request->user()?->id,
            'ip'          => $request->ip(),
            'created_at'  => now(),
        ]);
    }
}

class MaintenanceBypass
{
    private array $allowedIps = ['192.168.1.0/24', '10.0.0.1'];

    public function handle(Request $request, Closure $next): Response
    {
        if (app()->isDownForMaintenance()) {
            foreach ($this->allowedIps as $ip) {
                if ($request->ip() === $ip) {
                    return $next($request);
                }
            }
        }

        return $next($request);
    }
}

class SecurityHeaders
{
    public function handle(Request $request, Closure $next): Response
    {
        $response = $next($request);

        $response->headers->set('X-Content-Type-Options', 'nosniff');
        $response->headers->set('X-Frame-Options', 'SAMEORIGIN');
        $response->headers->set('Referrer-Policy', 'strict-origin-when-cross-origin');
        $response->headers->set(
            'Strict-Transport-Security',
            'max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains'
        );

        return $response;
    }
}