Розробка Додатків React Native у 2026: Повний Посібник та Питання для Співбесід

import { TurboModuleRegistry, TurboModule } from 'react-native';

export interface Spec extends TurboModule {
  getUserProfile(userId: string): Promise<{
    id: string;
    name: string;
    email: string;
  }>;
  
  // Синхронний виклик - можливий лише з JSI
  getDeviceLocale(): string;
}

export default TurboModuleRegistry.getEnforcing<Spec>('UserModule');

import React, { memo, useCallback } from 'react';
import {
  View,
  Text,
  Image,
  Pressable,
  StyleSheet,
} from 'react-native';
import Animated, {
  useSharedValue,
  useAnimatedStyle,
  withSpring,
} from 'react-native-reanimated';

interface Product {
  id: string;
  name: string;
  price: number;
  imageUrl: string;
  inStock: boolean;
}

interface ProductCardProps {
  product: Product;
  onPress: (id: string) => void;
}

const AnimatedPressable = Animated.createAnimatedComponent(Pressable);

export const ProductCard = memo(function ProductCard({
  product,
  onPress,
}: ProductCardProps) {
  const scale = useSharedValue(1);

  const animatedStyle = useAnimatedStyle(() => ({
    transform: [{ scale: scale.value }],
  }));

  const handlePressIn = useCallback(() => {
    scale.value = withSpring(0.95);
  }, [scale]);

  const handlePressOut = useCallback(() => {
    scale.value = withSpring(1);
  }, [scale]);

  const handlePress = useCallback(() => {
    onPress(product.id);
  }, [onPress, product.id]);

  return (
    <AnimatedPressable
      style={[styles.card, animatedStyle]}
      onPressIn={handlePressIn}
      onPressOut={handlePressOut}
      onPress={handlePress}
      accessibilityRole="button"
      accessibilityLabel={`${product.name}, ${product.price} гривень`}
    >
      <Image
        source={{ uri: product.imageUrl }}
        style={styles.image}
        resizeMode="cover"
      />
      <View style={styles.content}>
        <Text style={styles.name} numberOfLines={2}>
          {product.name}
        </Text>
        <Text style={styles.price}>{product.price.toFixed(2)} грн</Text>
        {!product.inStock && (
          <Text style={styles.outOfStock}>Немає в наявності</Text>
        )}
      </View>
    </AnimatedPressable>
  );
});

const styles = StyleSheet.create({
  card: {
    backgroundColor: '#ffffff',
    borderRadius: 12,
    overflow: 'hidden',
    marginHorizontal: 8,
    marginVertical: 4,
    shadowColor: '#000',
    shadowOffset: { width: 0, height: 2 },
    shadowOpacity: 0.1,
    shadowRadius: 4,
    elevation: 3,
  },
  image: {
    width: '100%',
    height: 160,
  },
  content: {
    padding: 12,
  },
  name: {
    fontSize: 16,
    fontWeight: '600',
    color: '#1a1a1a',
    marginBottom: 4,
  },
  price: {
    fontSize: 18,
    fontWeight: '700',
    color: '#2563eb',
  },
  outOfStock: {
    fontSize: 12,
    color: '#dc2626',
    marginTop: 4,
  },
});

import { useQuery, useMutation, useQueryClient } from '@tanstack/react-query';

interface Product {
  id: string;
  name: string;
  price: number;
  imageUrl: string;
  inStock: boolean;
}

const API_BASE = 'https://api.example.com';

async function fetchProducts(category?: string): Promise<Product[]> {
  const url = category
    ? `${API_BASE}/products?category=${category}`
    : `${API_BASE}/products`;
  
  const response = await fetch(url);
  if (!response.ok) {
    throw new Error('Не вдалося отримати товари');
  }
  return response.json();
}

export function useProducts(category?: string) {
  return useQuery({
    queryKey: ['products', category],
    queryFn: () => fetchProducts(category),
    staleTime: 5 * 60 * 1000, // 5 хвилин
    gcTime: 30 * 60 * 1000, // 30 хвилин
  });
}

export function useToggleStock() {
  const queryClient = useQueryClient();

  return useMutation({
    mutationFn: async (productId: string) => {
      const response = await fetch(`${API_BASE}/products/${productId}/toggle-stock`, {
        method: 'POST',
      });
      if (!response.ok) {
        throw new Error('Не вдалося оновити статус наявності');
      }
      return response.json();
    },
    // Оптимістичне оновлення
    onMutate: async (productId) => {
      await queryClient.cancelQueries({ queryKey: ['products'] });
      
      const previousProducts = queryClient.getQueryData<Product[]>(['products']);
      
      queryClient.setQueryData<Product[]>(['products'], (old) =>
        old?.map((p) =>
          p.id === productId ? { ...p, inStock: !p.inStock } : p
        )
      );
      
      return { previousProducts };
    },
    onError: (_err, _productId, context) => {
      if (context?.previousProducts) {
        queryClient.setQueryData(['products'], context.previousProducts);
      }
    },
    onSettled: () => {
      queryClient.invalidateQueries({ queryKey: ['products'] });
    },
  });
}

import { Tabs } from 'expo-router';
import { Home, Search, ShoppingCart, User } from 'lucide-react-native';

export default function TabsLayout() {
  return (
    <Tabs
      screenOptions={{
        tabBarActiveTintColor: '#2563eb',
        tabBarInactiveTintColor: '#6b7280',
        headerShown: false,
      }}
    >
      <Tabs.Screen
        name="index"
        options={{
          title: 'Головна',
          tabBarIcon: ({ color, size }) => (
            <Home color={color} size={size} />
          ),
        }}
      />
      <Tabs.Screen
        name="search"
        options={{
          title: 'Пошук',
          tabBarIcon: ({ color, size }) => (
            <Search color={color} size={size} />
          ),
        }}
      />
      <Tabs.Screen
        name="cart"
        options={{
          title: 'Кошик',
          tabBarIcon: ({ color, size }) => (
            <ShoppingCart color={color} size={size} />
          ),
        }}
      />
      <Tabs.Screen
        name="profile"
        options={{
          title: 'Профіль',
          tabBarIcon: ({ color, size }) => (
            <User color={color} size={size} />
          ),
        }}
      />
    </Tabs>
  );
}

import { useLocalSearchParams } from 'expo-router';
import { View, Text, ActivityIndicator } from 'react-native';
import { useQuery } from '@tanstack/react-query';

export default function ProductDetailScreen() {
  const { id } = useLocalSearchParams<{ id: string }>();

  const { data: product, isLoading, error } = useQuery({
    queryKey: ['product', id],
    queryFn: () => fetchProduct(id),
    enabled: !!id,
  });

  if (isLoading) {
    return (
      <View style={{ flex: 1, justifyContent: 'center', alignItems: 'center' }}>
        <ActivityIndicator size="large" color="#2563eb" />
      </View>
    );
  }

  if (error || !product) {
    return (
      <View style={{ flex: 1, justifyContent: 'center', alignItems: 'center' }}>
        <Text>Товар не знайдено</Text>
      </View>
    );
  }

  return (
    <View style={{ flex: 1, padding: 16 }}>
      <Text style={{ fontSize: 24, fontWeight: 'bold' }}>{product.name}</Text>
      <Text style={{ fontSize: 20, color: '#2563eb' }}>
        {product.price.toFixed(2)} грн
      </Text>
    </View>
  );
}

import React from 'react';
import { render, screen, fireEvent } from '@testing-library/react-native';
import { ProductCard } from '../components/ProductCard';

const mockProduct = {
  id: 'prod-1',
  name: 'Бездротові Навушники',
  price: 149.99,
  imageUrl: 'https://example.com/headphones.jpg',
  inStock: true,
};

describe('ProductCard', () => {
  it('відображає інформацію про товар', () => {
    const onPress = jest.fn();
    render(<ProductCard product={mockProduct} onPress={onPress} />);

    expect(screen.getByText('Бездротові Навушники')).toBeOnTheScreen();
    expect(screen.getByText('149.99 грн')).toBeOnTheScreen();
  });

  it('викликає onPress з id товару при натисканні', () => {
    const onPress = jest.fn();
    render(<ProductCard product={mockProduct} onPress={onPress} />);

    fireEvent.press(
      screen.getByRole('button', { name: /бездротові навушники/i })
    );

    expect(onPress).toHaveBeenCalledWith('prod-1');
    expect(onPress).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
  });

  it('показує повідомлення про відсутність коли товар недоступний', () => {
    const outOfStockProduct = { ...mockProduct, inStock: false };
    render(<ProductCard product={outOfStockProduct} onPress={jest.fn()} />);

    expect(screen.getByText('Немає в наявності')).toBeOnTheScreen();
  });
});

import * as Sentry from '@sentry/react-native';
import { useEffect } from 'react';
import { AppState, AppStateStatus } from 'react-native';

Sentry.init({
  dsn: process.env.EXPO_PUBLIC_SENTRY_DSN,
  tracesSampleRate: 0.2,
  profilesSampleRate: 0.1,
  enableAutoPerformanceTracing: true,
});

export default function RootLayout() {
  useEffect(() => {
    const subscription = AppState.addEventListener(
      'change',
      (state: AppStateStatus) => {
        if (state === 'active') {
          Sentry.addBreadcrumb({
            category: 'app.lifecycle',
            message: 'Додаток став активним',
            level: 'info',
          });
        }
      }
    );

    return () => subscription.remove();
  }, []);

  // ... решта layout
}