Go テスト 2026年版：ユニットテスト、モック、技術面接の質問

package calculator

import "testing"

func TestAdd(t *testing.T) {
    result := Add(2, 3)
    if result != 5 {
        t.Errorf("Add(2, 3) = %d; want 5", result)
    }
}

package validator

import "testing"

func TestValidateEmail(t *testing.T) {
    tests := []struct {
        name    string
        email   string
        wantErr bool
    }{
        {"valid email", "user@example.com", false},
        {"missing at sign", "userexample.com", true},
        {"empty string", "", true},
        {"unicode local part", "user@例え.jp", false},
    }

    for _, tt := range tests {
        t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
            err := ValidateEmail(tt.email)
            if (err != nil) != tt.wantErr {
                t.Errorf("ValidateEmail(%q) error = %v, wantErr %v",
                    tt.email, err, tt.wantErr)
            }
        })
    }
}

package order

// Repository defines the data access methods this service needs
type Repository interface {
    FindByID(id string) (*Order, error)
    Save(order *Order) error
}

// Service handles order business logic
type Service struct {
    repo Repository
}

// NewService creates a service with the given repository
func NewService(repo Repository) *Service {
    return &Service{repo: repo}
}

// Process validates and saves an order
func (s *Service) Process(order *Order) error {
    if order.Total <= 0 {
        return ErrInvalidTotal
    }
    return s.repo.Save(order)
}

# Generate mocks for the Repository interface
mockgen -source=service.go -destination=mocks/repository_mock.go -package=mocks

package order

import (
    "testing"

    "github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
    "go.uber.org/mock/gomock"

    "yourmodule/order/mocks"
)

func TestService_Process_SavesValidOrder(t *testing.T) {
    ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
    mockRepo := mocks.NewMockRepository(ctrl)

    order := &Order{ID: "123", Total: 99.99}

    // Expect Save to be called once with this order, return nil
    mockRepo.EXPECT().
        Save(order).
        Return(nil).
        Times(1)

    svc := NewService(mockRepo)
    err := svc.Process(order)

    assert.NoError(t, err)
}

func TestService_Process_RejectsZeroTotal(t *testing.T) {
    ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
    mockRepo := mocks.NewMockRepository(ctrl)

    // No calls expected to repo since validation fails first

    svc := NewService(mockRepo)
    err := svc.Process(&Order{ID: "456", Total: 0})

    assert.ErrorIs(t, err, ErrInvalidTotal)
}

package user

import (
    "testing"

    "github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
    "github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
)

func TestParseUser(t *testing.T) {
    input := `{"id": "u1", "name": "Alice"}`

    user, err := ParseUser(input)

    require.NoError(t, err, "parsing should not fail")
    assert.Equal(t, "u1", user.ID)
    assert.Equal(t, "Alice", user.Name)
    assert.Empty(t, user.Email, "email should default to empty")
}

package api

import (
    "net/http"
    "net/http/httptest"
    "testing"

    "github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
)

func TestHealthHandler(t *testing.T) {
    req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/health", nil)
    rec := httptest.NewRecorder()

    HealthHandler(rec, req)

    assert.Equal(t, http.StatusOK, rec.Code)
    assert.JSONEq(t, `{"status": "ok"}`, rec.Body.String())
}

# Run tests with coverage report
go test -cover ./...

# Generate HTML coverage visualization
go test -coverprofile=coverage.out ./...
go tool cover -html=coverage.out -o coverage.html

# Detect race conditions (slower, but catches real bugs)
go test -race ./...