Question 1

What is the difference between a variable declared with = and a constant in Python?

Accepted Answer

Python does not have true constants at the language level. By convention, UPPERCASE variables are considered constants and should not be modified, but nothing technically prevents reassignment. This PEP 8 convention relies on developer discipline rather than language enforcement.

Question 2

What is a class in Python?

Accepted Answer

A class is a blueprint for creating objects. It defines attributes (data) and methods (behaviors) that objects created from this class will have. In Python, a class is defined with the class keyword and allows encapsulating data and functionality together, promoting code reuse and organization.

Question 3

What does the MVT acronym stand for in Django architecture?

Accepted Answer

MVT stands for Model-View-Template. It is Django's architectural pattern, similar to MVC but with different terminology. The Model handles data and business logic, the View processes requests and returns responses, and the Template handles HTML presentation. Django uses this separation of concerns to organize code in a clear and maintainable way.

Question 4

What is a Model in Django?

Accepted Answer

A Django Model is a Python class that represents a table in the database. Each Model attribute corresponds to a column in the table. Django uses ORM (Object-Relational Mapping) to automatically translate operations on Python objects into SQL queries, allowing database manipulation without writing SQL directly.

Question 5

What is a middleware in Django?

Accepted Answer

A middleware is a processing layer that sits between the incoming HTTP request and the Django view, then between the view's response and the outgoing HTTP response. Middlewares allow global modification of requests and responses, adding cross-cutting features like authentication, session management, or CSRF protection.

Question 6

What is the main role of the ModelAdmin class in Django?

Accepted Answer

ModelAdmin is the class that represents a model in the Django admin interface. It allows customizing how a model is displayed and behaves in the admin, including which columns are shown, available filters, and possible actions. To use it, create a ModelAdmin subclass and register it with the corresponding model.

Question 7

What is Django REST Framework (DRF)?

Accepted Answer

Django REST Framework is a powerful and flexible toolkit for building Web APIs with Django. It provides features like serialization, authentication, permissions, pagination and automatic documentation. DRF has become the de facto standard for building RESTful APIs in Python with Django, thanks to its browsable interface and reusable components.

Question 8

What is the main difference between Model.objects.raw() and connection.cursor() for executing raw SQL in Django?

Accepted Answer

Model.objects.raw() returns automatically mapped model instances, preserving ORM benefits like attribute access and relations. connection.cursor() returns a raw database cursor with tuples, offering more flexibility for queries not tied to a specific model, but requiring manual result handling.

Question 9

What is the most common performance issue related to Django ORM queries?

Accepted Answer

The N+1 problem is the most common performance issue with Django ORM. It occurs when an initial query fetches N objects, then N additional queries are executed to fetch related objects. For example, iterating over articles and accessing their author generates one query per article instead of a single joined query.

Question 10

What is the main role of Celery in a Django application?

Accepted Answer

Celery is a distributed asynchronous task queue that allows executing long-running or resource-intensive operations in the background, without blocking HTTP requests. This improves user experience by making the application more responsive, particularly for sending emails, image processing, or intensive computations.

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