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Python: tipe, struktur data, OOP, decorator, generator, context manager
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NumPy: array, broadcasting, indexing, operasi vektor, aljabar linear
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Pandas: DataFrames, Series, indexing, groupby, merge, pivot, time series
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SQL: SELECT, JOIN, GROUP BY, window functions, CTEs, optimisasi query
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Visualisasi: Matplotlib (figures, axes, subplots), Seaborn (plot statistik), Plotly (interaktif)
6
Statistik: distribusi, pengujian hipotesis, interval kepercayaan, regresi
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Feature Engineering: encoding, scaling, seleksi fitur, pembuatan fitur
8
ML Supervised: regresi linear/logistik, tree, Random Forest, XGBoost, metrik
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ML Unsupervised: K-Means, clustering hierarkis, PCA, t-SNE
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Pipeline ML: train/test split, cross-validation, hyperparameter tuning, overfitting
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Deep Learning: perceptron, backpropagation, fungsi aktivasi, optimizer, fungsi loss
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CNN: konvolusi, pooling, arsitektur (ResNet, VGG), transfer learning
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RNN/LSTM: sekuens, vanishing gradient, mekanisme attention, Transformers
14
NLP: tokenisasi, embeddings, word2vec, BERT, fine-tuning LLM
15
MLOps: versioning (MLflow), containerisasi (Docker), API (FastAPI), monitoring
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Cloud: Google Cloud (Compute, Storage, BigQuery), pelatihan GPU, Vertex AI
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Etika AI: bias, explainability (SHAP, LIME), fairness, GDPR