NestJSとWebSocket 2026年版：リアルタイム通信、Gatewayパターン、面接対策

# terminal
npm install @nestjs/websockets @nestjs/platform-socket.io socket.io

import {
  WebSocketGateway,
  WebSocketServer,
  SubscribeMessage,
  MessageBody,
  ConnectedSocket,
} from '@nestjs/websockets';
import { Server, Socket } from 'socket.io';

@WebSocketGateway({
  cors: { origin: '*' }, // Configure CORS for browser clients
})
export class ChatGateway {
  @WebSocketServer()
  server: Server; // Access to the underlying Socket.IO server

  @SubscribeMessage('message') // Listen for 'message' events
  handleMessage(
    @MessageBody() data: { text: string; room: string },
    @ConnectedSocket() client: Socket,
  ): void {
    // Broadcast to all clients in the room except sender
    client.to(data.room).emit('message', {
      text: data.text,
      senderId: client.id,
      timestamp: Date.now(),
    });
  }
}

import {
  WebSocketGateway,
  OnGatewayConnection,
  OnGatewayDisconnect,
  OnGatewayInit,
} from '@nestjs/websockets';
import { Server, Socket } from 'socket.io';
import { Logger } from '@nestjs/common';

@WebSocketGateway()
export class PresenceGateway
  implements OnGatewayInit, OnGatewayConnection, OnGatewayDisconnect
{
  private readonly logger = new Logger(PresenceGateway.name);
  private connectedUsers = new Map<string, { joinedAt: Date }>();

  afterInit(server: Server): void {
    // Called once when the gateway initializes
    this.logger.log('WebSocket Gateway initialized');
  }

  handleConnection(client: Socket): void {
    // Track new connections
    this.connectedUsers.set(client.id, { joinedAt: new Date() });
    this.logger.log(`Client connected: ${client.id}`);
  }

  handleDisconnect(client: Socket): void {
    // Cleanup on disconnect
    this.connectedUsers.delete(client.id);
    this.logger.log(`Client disconnected: ${client.id}`);
  }
}

import { CanActivate, ExecutionContext, Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
import { WsException } from '@nestjs/websockets';
import { JwtService } from '@nestjs/jwt';
import { Socket } from 'socket.io';

@Injectable()
export class WsAuthGuard implements CanActivate {
  constructor(private jwtService: JwtService) {}

  canActivate(context: ExecutionContext): boolean {
    const client: Socket = context.switchToWs().getClient();
    // Extract token from handshake auth or query params
    const token =
      client.handshake.auth?.token ||
      client.handshake.query?.token;

    if (!token) {
      throw new WsException('Missing authentication token');
    }

    try {
      const payload = this.jwtService.verify(token as string);
      // Attach user data to socket for later use
      client.data.user = payload;
      return true;
    } catch {
      throw new WsException('Invalid token');
    }
  }
}

import { UseGuards } from '@nestjs/common';
import { WebSocketGateway, SubscribeMessage } from '@nestjs/websockets';
import { WsAuthGuard } from './ws-auth.guard';

@WebSocketGateway()
@UseGuards(WsAuthGuard) // Protect all handlers in this gateway
export class SecureChatGateway {
  @SubscribeMessage('privateMessage')
  handlePrivateMessage(): void {
    // Only authenticated clients reach this handler
  }
}

import {
  WebSocketGateway,
  SubscribeMessage,
  ConnectedSocket,
  MessageBody,
  WebSocketServer,
} from '@nestjs/websockets';
import { Server, Socket } from 'socket.io';

@WebSocketGateway()
export class RoomGateway {
  @WebSocketServer()
  server: Server;

  @SubscribeMessage('joinRoom')
  handleJoinRoom(
    @MessageBody() roomId: string,
    @ConnectedSocket() client: Socket,
  ): { event: string; data: string } {
    // Add client to the specified room
    client.join(roomId);
    // Notify others in the room
    client.to(roomId).emit('userJoined', { userId: client.id });
    return { event: 'joinedRoom', data: roomId };
  }

  @SubscribeMessage('leaveRoom')
  handleLeaveRoom(
    @MessageBody() roomId: string,
    @ConnectedSocket() client: Socket,
  ): void {
    client.leave(roomId);
    client.to(roomId).emit('userLeft', { userId: client.id });
  }

  @SubscribeMessage('roomBroadcast')
  handleRoomBroadcast(
    @MessageBody() payload: { roomId: string; message: string },
  ): void {
    // Send to all clients in room, including sender
    this.server.to(payload.roomId).emit('roomMessage', payload.message);
  }
}

import { Catch, ArgumentsHost, ExceptionFilter } from '@nestjs/common';
import { WsException } from '@nestjs/websockets';
import { Socket } from 'socket.io';

@Catch(WsException)
export class WsExceptionFilter implements ExceptionFilter {
  catch(exception: WsException, host: ArgumentsHost): void {
    const client: Socket = host.switchToWs().getClient();
    const error = exception.getError();
    // Send structured error to client
    client.emit('error', {
      type: 'WsException',
      message: typeof error === 'string' ? error : error,
      timestamp: new Date().toISOString(),
    });
  }
}

import { UseFilters } from '@nestjs/common';
import { WebSocketGateway } from '@nestjs/websockets';
import { WsExceptionFilter } from './ws-exception.filter';

@WebSocketGateway()
@UseFilters(WsExceptionFilter)
export class FilteredGateway {
  // All handlers benefit from centralized error handling
}

import { Module } from '@nestjs/common';
import { createAdapter } from '@socket.io/redis-adapter';
import { createClient } from 'redis';
import { ChatGateway } from './chat.gateway';

@Module({
  providers: [
    ChatGateway,
    {
      provide: 'REDIS_ADAPTER',
      useFactory: async () => {
        const pubClient = createClient({ url: process.env.REDIS_URL });
        const subClient = pubClient.duplicate();
        await Promise.all([pubClient.connect(), subClient.connect()]);
        return createAdapter(pubClient, subClient);
      },
    },
  ],
})
export class AppModule {}

import {
  WebSocketGateway,
  WebSocketServer,
  OnGatewayInit,
} from '@nestjs/websockets';
import { Inject } from '@nestjs/common';
import { Server } from 'socket.io';
import { Adapter } from 'socket.io-adapter';

@WebSocketGateway()
export class ScalableGateway implements OnGatewayInit {
  @WebSocketServer()
  server: Server;

  constructor(@Inject('REDIS_ADAPTER') private redisAdapter: Adapter) {}

  afterInit(): void {
    // Attach Redis adapter for multi-instance support
    this.server.adapter(this.redisAdapter as any);
  }
}

import { Test } from '@nestjs/testing';
import { INestApplication } from '@nestjs/common';
import { io, Socket } from 'socket.io-client';
import { ChatGateway } from './chat.gateway';

describe('ChatGateway', () => {
  let app: INestApplication;
  let client: Socket;

  beforeAll(async () => {
    const module = await Test.createTestingModule({
      providers: [ChatGateway],
    }).compile();

    app = module.createNestApplication();
    await app.listen(3000);
    client = io('http://localhost:3000');
  });

  afterAll(async () => {
    client.disconnect();
    await app.close();
  });

  it('receives message acknowledgment', (done) => {
    client.emit('message', { text: 'test', room: 'lobby' });
    client.on('message', (data) => {
      expect(data.text).toBe('test');
      done();
    });
  });
});