NestJSとTypeORM 2026年版：マイグレーション、リレーション、面接質問

import { DataSource } from 'typeorm';
import { config } from 'dotenv';

config(); // Load .env variables

export default new DataSource({
  type: 'postgres',
  host: process.env.DB_HOST,
  port: parseInt(process.env.DB_PORT || '5432'),
  username: process.env.DB_USER,
  password: process.env.DB_PASSWORD,
  database: process.env.DB_NAME,
  entities: ['src/**/*.entity.ts'],
  migrations: ['src/migrations/*.ts'],
  synchronize: false,
});

import { Module } from '@nestjs/common';
import { TypeOrmModule } from '@nestjs/typeorm';
import { ConfigModule, ConfigService } from '@nestjs/config';

@Module({
  imports: [
    ConfigModule.forRoot({ isGlobal: true }),
    TypeOrmModule.forRootAsync({
      inject: [ConfigService],
      useFactory: (config: ConfigService) => ({
        type: 'postgres',
        host: config.get('DB_HOST'),
        port: config.getOrThrow<number>('DB_PORT'),
        username: config.get('DB_USER'),
        password: config.get('DB_PASSWORD'),
        database: config.get('DB_NAME'),
        autoLoadEntities: true, // Auto-register entities from feature modules
        synchronize: false,     // Always false in production
      }),
    }),
  ],
})
export class AppModule {}

{
  "migration:generate": "typeorm-ts-node-commonjs migration:generate src/migrations/$npm_config_name -d src/config/typeorm.config.ts",
  "migration:run": "typeorm-ts-node-commonjs migration:run -d src/config/typeorm.config.ts",
  "migration:revert": "typeorm-ts-node-commonjs migration:revert -d src/config/typeorm.config.ts"
}

import { Entity, PrimaryGeneratedColumn, Column, OneToMany, CreateDateColumn } from 'typeorm';
import { Order } from './order.entity';

@Entity('users')
export class User {
  @PrimaryGeneratedColumn('uuid')
  id: string;

  @Column({ unique: true })
  email: string;

  @Column()
  name: string;

  @OneToMany(() => Order, (order) => order.user)
  orders: Order[];  // No DB column created here; relation lives on the Order side

  @CreateDateColumn()
  createdAt: Date;
}

import { Entity, PrimaryGeneratedColumn, Column, ManyToOne, JoinColumn } from 'typeorm';
import { User } from './user.entity';

@Entity('orders')
export class Order {
  @PrimaryGeneratedColumn('uuid')
  id: string;

  @Column('decimal', { precision: 10, scale: 2 })
  total: number;

  @Column({ default: 'pending' })
  status: string;

  @ManyToOne(() => User, (user) => user.orders, { onDelete: 'CASCADE' })
  @JoinColumn({ name: 'user_id' })  // Explicit FK column name
  user: User;
}

import { Entity, PrimaryGeneratedColumn, Column, ManyToMany, JoinTable } from 'typeorm';
import { Category } from './category.entity';

@Entity('products')
export class Product {
  @PrimaryGeneratedColumn('uuid')
  id: string;

  @Column()
  name: string;

  @Column('decimal', { precision: 10, scale: 2 })
  price: number;

  @ManyToMany(() => Category, (category) => category.products)
  @JoinTable({ name: 'product_categories' })  // Owns the junction table
  categories: Category[];
}

import { Module } from '@nestjs/common';
import { TypeOrmModule } from '@nestjs/typeorm';
import { Order } from '../entities/order.entity';
import { OrdersService } from './orders.service';
import { OrdersController } from './orders.controller';

@Module({
  imports: [TypeOrmModule.forFeature([Order])],
  providers: [OrdersService],
  controllers: [OrdersController],
})
export class OrdersModule {}

import { Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
import { InjectRepository } from '@nestjs/typeorm';
import { Repository } from 'typeorm';
import { Order } from '../entities/order.entity';

@Injectable()
export class OrdersService {
  constructor(
    @InjectRepository(Order)
    private readonly orderRepo: Repository<Order>,
  ) {}

  async findByUser(userId: string): Promise<Order[]> {
    return this.orderRepo.find({
      where: { user: { id: userId } },
      relations: ['user'],          // Eager-load the user relation
      order: { createdAt: 'DESC' }, // Most recent first
    });
  }

  async findWithFilters(status: string, minTotal: number): Promise<Order[]> {
    // QueryBuilder for complex queries
    return this.orderRepo
      .createQueryBuilder('order')
      .leftJoinAndSelect('order.user', 'user')
      .where('order.status = :status', { status })
      .andWhere('order.total >= :minTotal', { minTotal })
      .orderBy('order.total', 'DESC')
      .getMany();
  }
}

async createOrderWithItems(
  userId: string,
  items: { productId: string; quantity: number }[],
  dataSource: DataSource,
): Promise<Order> {
  return dataSource.transaction(async (manager) => {
    // All operations use the transactional manager
    const order = manager.create(Order, {
      user: { id: userId },
      total: 0,
      status: 'pending',
    });
    const savedOrder = await manager.save(order);

    let total = 0;
    for (const item of items) {
      const product = await manager.findOneByOrFail(Product, { id: item.productId });
      total += product.price * item.quantity;

      await manager.save(OrderItem, {
        order: savedOrder,
        product,
        quantity: item.quantity,
        unitPrice: product.price,
      });
    }

    savedOrder.total = total;
    return manager.save(savedOrder);
  });
}