# Spring Core - IoC & DI (Spring Boot)

> Inversion of Control, Dependency Injection, 어노테이션(@Component, @Autowired, @Bean), 스코프, Bean 라이프사이클

- 22 면접 질문
- Junior
- [면접 질문: Spring Boot](https://sharpskill.dev/ko/technologies/spring-boot/interview-questions.md)

## 1. Spring에서 Inversion of Control(IoC)이란 무엇입니까?

**답변**

IoC는 개발자가 아니라 Spring 프레임워크가 객체의 생성과 라이프사이클을 관리하는 원칙입니다. 이는 애플리케이션 코드가 의존성을 직접 인스턴스화하는 전통적인 제어 흐름을 역전시킵니다. Spring은 IoC 컨테이너를 사용하여 Bean과 그 의존성을 선언적으로 관리합니다.

## 2. Spring에서 bean이란 무엇입니까?

**답변**

bean은 Spring IoC 컨테이너가 관리하는 객체입니다. 설정 메타데이터(annotation, XML 또는 Java config)에 따라 Spring이 인스턴스화하고 구성하며 조립합니다. bean은 Spring 애플리케이션의 핵심이며 dependency injection의 이점을 누립니다.

## 3. @Component 어노테이션의 목적은 무엇입니까?

**답변**

@Component 어노테이션은 @ComponentScan으로 활성화된 component scanning 중에 자동으로 감지되는 Spring bean으로 클래스를 표시합니다. Spring은 이 클래스의 인스턴스를 생성하여 기본 이름(camelCase 클래스명)으로 IoC 컨테이너에 등록합니다. 이는 일반적인 stereotype 어노테이션이며, 특정 비즈니스 의미를 부여하기 위해 @Service, @Repository, @Controller가 이를 파생합니다.

## 19개 추가 질문 이용 가능

- Spring에서 dependency injection의 세 가지 유형은 무엇입니까?
- @Autowired 어노테이션은 어떻게 동작합니까?

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## 기타 Spring Boot 면접 주제

- [Spring Boot Auto-Configuration](https://sharpskill.dev/ko/technologies/spring-boot/interview-questions/spring-boot-auto-configuration.md): 20개 질문, Junior
- [Spring Boot Starters](https://sharpskill.dev/ko/technologies/spring-boot/interview-questions/spring-boot-starters.md): 18개 질문, Junior
- [Application Properties & YAML](https://sharpskill.dev/ko/technologies/spring-boot/interview-questions/application-properties-yml.md): 16개 질문, Junior
- [SLF4J 및 Logback을 사용한 로깅](https://sharpskill.dev/ko/technologies/spring-boot/interview-questions/logging.md): 20개 질문, Junior
- [Spring Boot DevTools](https://sharpskill.dev/ko/technologies/spring-boot/interview-questions/spring-boot-devtools.md): 15개 질문, Junior
- [Spring MVC Basics](https://sharpskill.dev/ko/technologies/spring-boot/interview-questions/spring-mvc-basics.md): 20개 질문, Mid-Level
- [Spring REST Controllers](https://sharpskill.dev/ko/technologies/spring-boot/interview-questions/spring-rest-controllers.md): 20개 질문, Mid-Level
- [Request & Response Handling](https://sharpskill.dev/ko/technologies/spring-boot/interview-questions/request-response-handling.md): 20개 질문, Mid-Level
- [예외 처리](https://sharpskill.dev/ko/technologies/spring-boot/interview-questions/exception-handling.md): 25개 질문, Mid-Level
- [Bean Validation](https://sharpskill.dev/ko/technologies/spring-boot/interview-questions/bean-validation.md): 25개 질문, Mid-Level
- [Spring Data JPA 기초](https://sharpskill.dev/ko/technologies/spring-boot/interview-questions/spring-data-jpa-basics.md): 25개 질문, Mid-Level
- [JPA 엔티티 및 관계](https://sharpskill.dev/ko/technologies/spring-boot/interview-questions/jpa-entities-relationships.md): 30개 질문, Mid-Level
- [JPA 쿼리](https://sharpskill.dev/ko/technologies/spring-boot/interview-questions/jpa-queries.md): 30개 질문, Mid-Level
- [Spring Data Repositories](https://sharpskill.dev/ko/technologies/spring-boot/interview-questions/spring-data-repositories.md): 25개 질문, Mid-Level
- [Spring Security 기초](https://sharpskill.dev/ko/technologies/spring-boot/interview-questions/spring-security-basics.md): 25개 질문, Mid-Level
- [Spring Boot Actuator](https://sharpskill.dev/ko/technologies/spring-boot/interview-questions/spring-boot-actuator.md): 20개 질문, Mid-Level
- [JUnit과 Mockito를 사용한 단위 테스트](https://sharpskill.dev/ko/technologies/spring-boot/interview-questions/testing-junit-mockito.md): 30개 질문, Mid-Level
- [Spring Boot 테스트](https://sharpskill.dev/ko/technologies/spring-boot/interview-questions/spring-boot-testing.md): 30개 질문, Mid-Level
- [Profiles와 Environment](https://sharpskill.dev/ko/technologies/spring-boot/interview-questions/profiles-environment.md): 20개 질문, Mid-Level
- [RestTemplate 및 WebClient](https://sharpskill.dev/ko/technologies/spring-boot/interview-questions/resttemplate-webclient.md): 24개 질문, Mid-Level
- [Async와 스케줄링](https://sharpskill.dev/ko/technologies/spring-boot/interview-questions/async-scheduling.md): 25개 질문, Mid-Level
- [Spring을 사용한 캐싱](https://sharpskill.dev/ko/technologies/spring-boot/interview-questions/caching.md): 25개 질문, Mid-Level
- [Spring WebFlux (리액티브)](https://sharpskill.dev/ko/technologies/spring-boot/interview-questions/spring-webflux.md): 25개 질문, Mid-Level
- [Spring 트랜잭션](https://sharpskill.dev/ko/technologies/spring-boot/interview-questions/transactions.md): 30개 질문, Senior
- [고급 인증 및 인가](https://sharpskill.dev/ko/technologies/spring-boot/interview-questions/authentication-authorization.md): 30개 질문, Senior
- [JWT 및 스테이트리스 보안](https://sharpskill.dev/ko/technologies/spring-boot/interview-questions/jwt-stateless-security.md): 20개 질문, Senior
- [OAuth2와 Authorization Server](https://sharpskill.dev/ko/technologies/spring-boot/interview-questions/oauth2-authorization-server.md): 20개 질문, Senior
- [Spring Boot와 Docker](https://sharpskill.dev/ko/technologies/spring-boot/interview-questions/spring-boot-docker.md): 19개 질문, Senior
- [Spring을 활용한 마이크로서비스](https://sharpskill.dev/ko/technologies/spring-boot/interview-questions/microservices-basics.md): 25개 질문, Senior
- [Spring Cloud Config](https://sharpskill.dev/ko/technologies/spring-boot/interview-questions/spring-cloud-config.md): 19개 질문, Senior
- [성능 최적화](https://sharpskill.dev/ko/technologies/spring-boot/interview-questions/performance-optimization.md): 30개 질문, Senior
- [GraalVM Native Images](https://sharpskill.dev/ko/technologies/spring-boot/interview-questions/graalvm-native-images.md): 20개 질문, Senior

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