# Kueri ActiveRecord Lanjutan (Ruby on Rails)

> Query interface, where, joins, includes, eager loading, masalah N+1, transactions, locking (optimistic/pessimistic)

- 28 pertanyaan wawancara
- Mid-Level
- [Pertanyaan Wawancara: Ruby on Rails](https://sharpskill.dev/id/technologies/ruby-on-rails/pertanyaan-wawancara.md)

## 1. Metode ActiveRecord mana yang mengambil record berdasarkan primary key-nya dan memunculkan exception jika tidak ditemukan?

**Jawaban**

Metode find mengambil record berdasarkan primary key-nya dan memunculkan exception ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound jika record tidak ada. Ini memastikan kode gagal secara eksplisit alih-alih melanjutkan dengan nilai nil. Untuk menghindari exception dan mengembalikan nil sebagai gantinya, gunakan find_by(id: value).

## 2. Apa perbedaan utama antara find_by dan where.first di ActiveRecord?

**Jawaban**

find_by langsung mengembalikan satu record atau nil, sedangkan where.first mengembalikan relation ActiveRecord lalu memanggil first untuk mendapatkan hasil pertama. Dalam praktiknya, find_by menghasilkan kueri yang dioptimalkan dengan LIMIT 1, sementara where berpotensi memuat lebih banyak data sebelum memilih elemen pertama.

## 3. Bagaimana cara meneruskan beberapa kondisi ke metode where di ActiveRecord?

**Jawaban**

Metode where menerima hash dengan beberapa kunci untuk menentukan beberapa kondisi yang akan digabungkan dengan AND. Misalnya, User.where(status: 'active', role: 'admin') menghasilkan WHERE status = 'active' AND role = 'admin'. Untuk kondisi OR, gunakan or atau kueri SQL mentah.

## 25 pertanyaan lagi tersedia

- Apa itu masalah N+1 di ActiveRecord?
- Metode mana yang digunakan untuk menyelesaikan masalah N+1 dengan memuat asosiasi terlebih dahulu?

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