# GitLab CI/CD (DevOps) > .gitlab-ci.yml, stages, jobs, runners, artifacts, cache, environments, deployments, pemecahan masalah pipeline - 22 pertanyaan wawancara - Mid-Level - [Pertanyaan Wawancara: DevOps](https://sharpskill.dev/id/technologies/devops/pertanyaan-wawancara.md) ## 1. Apa nama file konfigurasi untuk mendefinisikan pipeline GitLab CI/CD? **Jawaban** File .gitlab-ci.yml yang terletak di root repository mendefinisikan semua pipeline, stages, jobs, dan konfigurasi CI/CD. GitLab secara otomatis mendeteksi file ini dan menjalankan pipeline pada setiap push atau merge request. Format YAML menyediakan sintaks deklaratif untuk mendefinisikan infrastruktur pipeline sebagai kode. ## 2. Apa yang direpresentasikan oleh sebuah 'stage' dalam GitLab CI/CD? **Jawaban** Stage adalah fase logis pipeline yang mengelompokkan beberapa jobs yang dijalankan secara paralel. Stages berjalan secara berurutan dalam urutan yang ditentukan (mis: build → test → deploy). Jobs dalam stage yang sama dapat berjalan secara paralel jika tersedia beberapa runners. Jika sebuah job gagal dalam suatu stage, pipeline berhenti secara default. ## 3. Apa perbedaan utama antara 'artifacts' dan 'cache' di GitLab CI? **Jawaban** Artifacts adalah file yang dihasilkan oleh sebuah job dan diteruskan ke jobs berikutnya atau dapat diunduh (mis: binari hasil kompilasi, laporan tes). Cache menyimpan dependensi untuk mempercepat build (mis: node_modules, .m2). Artifacts dijamin antar jobs, cache bersifat best-effort. Cache menggunakan key untuk berbagi antar pipeline, artifacts bersifat per-pipeline. ## 19 pertanyaan lagi tersedia - Kata kunci mana yang mengontrol kapan sebuah job dijalankan di GitLab CI? - Apa itu GitLab Runner? Daftar gratis: https://sharpskill.dev/id/login ## Topik wawancara DevOps lainnya - [Kontrol Versi & Git](https://sharpskill.dev/id/technologies/devops/pertanyaan-wawancara/version-control-git.md): 20 pertanyaan, Junior - [Dasar-dasar Linux](https://sharpskill.dev/id/technologies/devops/pertanyaan-wawancara/linux-fundamentals.md): 22 pertanyaan, Junior - [Shell Scripting & Bash](https://sharpskill.dev/id/technologies/devops/pertanyaan-wawancara/shell-scripting-bash.md): 20 pertanyaan, Mid-Level - [Dasar-Dasar Networking](https://sharpskill.dev/id/technologies/devops/pertanyaan-wawancara/networking-basics.md): 22 pertanyaan, Junior - [Dasar-Dasar Docker](https://sharpskill.dev/id/technologies/devops/pertanyaan-wawancara/docker-fundamentals.md): 24 pertanyaan, Junior - [Dasar-Dasar CI/CD](https://sharpskill.dev/id/technologies/devops/pertanyaan-wawancara/ci-cd-fundamentals.md): 18 pertanyaan, Junior - [GitHub Actions](https://sharpskill.dev/id/technologies/devops/pertanyaan-wawancara/github-actions.md): 22 pertanyaan, Mid-Level - [Jenkins](https://sharpskill.dev/id/technologies/devops/pertanyaan-wawancara/jenkins.md): 22 pertanyaan, Mid-Level - [Dasar-dasar Kubernetes](https://sharpskill.dev/id/technologies/devops/pertanyaan-wawancara/kubernetes-basics.md): 26 pertanyaan, Mid-Level - [Networking Kubernetes](https://sharpskill.dev/id/technologies/devops/pertanyaan-wawancara/kubernetes-networking.md): 24 pertanyaan, Mid-Level - [Kubernetes Lanjutan](https://sharpskill.dev/id/technologies/devops/pertanyaan-wawancara/kubernetes-advanced.md): 24 pertanyaan, Mid-Level - [Ingress & API Gateway](https://sharpskill.dev/id/technologies/devops/pertanyaan-wawancara/ingress-api-gateway.md): 20 pertanyaan, Mid-Level - [Dasar-dasar Terraform](https://sharpskill.dev/id/technologies/devops/pertanyaan-wawancara/terraform-basics.md): 22 pertanyaan, Mid-Level - [Terraform Lanjutan](https://sharpskill.dev/id/technologies/devops/pertanyaan-wawancara/terraform-advanced.md): 22 pertanyaan, Mid-Level - [Ansible & Configuration Management](https://sharpskill.dev/id/technologies/devops/pertanyaan-wawancara/ansible-configuration.md): 20 pertanyaan, Mid-Level - [Dasar-Dasar AWS](https://sharpskill.dev/id/technologies/devops/pertanyaan-wawancara/aws-essentials.md): 26 pertanyaan, Mid-Level - [Dasar-Dasar Azure](https://sharpskill.dev/id/technologies/devops/pertanyaan-wawancara/azure-fundamentals.md): 22 pertanyaan, Mid-Level - [Dasar-Dasar GCP](https://sharpskill.dev/id/technologies/devops/pertanyaan-wawancara/gcp-fundamentals.md): 22 pertanyaan, Mid-Level - [Monitoring & Prometheus](https://sharpskill.dev/id/technologies/devops/pertanyaan-wawancara/monitoring-prometheus.md): 22 pertanyaan, Mid-Level - [Logging & ELK Stack](https://sharpskill.dev/id/technologies/devops/pertanyaan-wawancara/logging-elk.md): 20 pertanyaan, Mid-Level - [Alerting & Incident Response](https://sharpskill.dev/id/technologies/devops/pertanyaan-wawancara/alerting-incident-response.md): 20 pertanyaan, Mid-Level - [Cloud Identity & Secrets](https://sharpskill.dev/id/technologies/devops/pertanyaan-wawancara/cloud-identity-secrets.md): 22 pertanyaan, Mid-Level - [Keamanan Pipeline CI/CD](https://sharpskill.dev/id/technologies/devops/pertanyaan-wawancara/cicd-pipeline-security.md): 20 pertanyaan, Mid-Level - [Helm & Kubernetes](https://sharpskill.dev/id/technologies/devops/pertanyaan-wawancara/helm-kubernetes.md): 20 pertanyaan, Mid-Level - [Keamanan Runtime & Cluster](https://sharpskill.dev/id/technologies/devops/pertanyaan-wawancara/runtime-cluster-security.md): 24 pertanyaan, Senior - [Container Supply Chain Security](https://sharpskill.dev/id/technologies/devops/pertanyaan-wawancara/container-supply-chain.md): 22 pertanyaan, Senior - [Service Mesh & Istio](https://sharpskill.dev/id/technologies/devops/pertanyaan-wawancara/service-mesh-istio.md): 24 pertanyaan, Senior - [GitOps & ArgoCD](https://sharpskill.dev/id/technologies/devops/pertanyaan-wawancara/gitops-argocd.md): 22 pertanyaan, Senior - [Progressive Delivery](https://sharpskill.dev/id/technologies/devops/pertanyaan-wawancara/progressive-delivery.md): 20 pertanyaan, Senior - [Observability Terdistribusi](https://sharpskill.dev/id/technologies/devops/pertanyaan-wawancara/observability-distributed.md): 22 pertanyaan, Senior - [Disaster Recovery & Backup](https://sharpskill.dev/id/technologies/devops/pertanyaan-wawancara/disaster-recovery.md): 20 pertanyaan, Senior - [Optimasi Performa](https://sharpskill.dev/id/technologies/devops/pertanyaan-wawancara/performance-optimization.md): 22 pertanyaan, Senior - [Optimasi Biaya Cloud](https://sharpskill.dev/id/technologies/devops/pertanyaan-wawancara/infrastructure-cost.md): 20 pertanyaan, Senior - [Prinsip SRE](https://sharpskill.dev/id/technologies/devops/pertanyaan-wawancara/sre-principles.md): 24 pertanyaan, Senior - [Chaos Engineering](https://sharpskill.dev/id/technologies/devops/pertanyaan-wawancara/chaos-engineering.md): 20 pertanyaan, Senior - [Platform Engineering](https://sharpskill.dev/id/technologies/devops/pertanyaan-wawancara/platform-engineering.md): 22 pertanyaan, Senior --- Source: SharpSkill (https://sharpskill.dev), tech interview preparation for your real stack. 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