# Kubernetes - Produksi dan Penskalaan (Data Engineering) > Helm charts, HPA/VPA, StatefulSets, PersistentVolumes, RBAC, GKE, resource limits, Prometheus/Grafana, health probes - 20 pertanyaan wawancara - Senior - [Pertanyaan Wawancara: Data Engineering](https://sharpskill.dev/id/technologies/data-engineering/pertanyaan-wawancara.md) ## 1. Apa peran utama Helm dalam ekosistem Kubernetes? **Jawaban** Helm adalah package manager untuk Kubernetes. Helm memungkinkan pendefinisian, instalasi, dan upgrade aplikasi kompleks melalui chart, yang merupakan kumpulan file YAML bertemplate. Helm menyederhanakan deployment dengan mengelola dependensi, versi, dan konfigurasi secara reproducible. ## 2. Apa perbedaan fundamental antara Deployment dan StatefulSet? **Jawaban** StatefulSet menjamin identitas yang stabil dan persisten untuk setiap pod (nama jaringan, storage) sementara Deployment memperlakukan pod sebagai dapat dipertukarkan. StatefulSet sangat penting untuk aplikasi stateful seperti database di mana setiap instance harus mempertahankan identitas dan datanya saat restart. ## 3. Bagaimana Horizontal Pod Autoscaler (HPA) bekerja untuk menyesuaikan jumlah replika? **Jawaban** HPA memantau metrik pod (CPU, memori, atau metrik kustom) melalui Metrics Server dan secara otomatis menyesuaikan jumlah replika untuk mempertahankan utilisasi target. Ini menghitung rasio antara penggunaan saat ini dan target, lalu scale up atau down sesuai dengan periode cooldown untuk menghindari thrashing. ## 17 pertanyaan lagi tersedia - Apa perbedaan antara HPA (Horizontal Pod Autoscaler) dan VPA (Vertical Pod Autoscaler)? - Apa peran PersistentVolume (PV) dan PersistentVolumeClaim (PVC) di Kubernetes? 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